The tragic events at Grenfell Tower in 2017, involving a combustible façade system, have raised concerns regarding the fire risk that these systems pose. In this series of articles, so far published, fire development inside the initial apartment has been investigated using an appropriate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Several scenarios including different fire sources and ventilation conditions were addressed. Fire propagation through the window to the external façade and to higher apartments was modelled. This model was validated by comparing the numerical results with the visual observations reported in the Grenfell Inquiry. A CFD model of the complete east face of the Grenfell Tower was then created. This paper details CFD modelling of the complete Grenfell Tower façade during the late horizontal phase of fire spread. As the physics of lateral flame spread is different from that for upward flame spread, it is important to assess the validity of the model, thus far developed, for this configuration. Fire propagation over the whole façade is modelled and compared with observations from the real disaster. This provides a better understanding of its fire behaviour and of the contribution of architectural details and their impact on fire spread.

中文翻译：

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格伦费尔大厦火灾的重建–第4部分：有助于理解水平火势蔓延期间的火势蔓延和行为

2017年在格林菲尔塔（Grenfell Tower）发生的悲剧性事件涉及可燃立面系统，引发了人们对这些系统带来的火灾隐患的担忧。在到目前为止已发布的该系列文章中，已经使用适当的计算流体动力学（CFD）模型研究了初始公寓内的火灾发展。解决了包括不同火源和通风条件在内的几种情况。模拟了通过窗户向外部立面和高层公寓的火灾蔓延。通过将数值结果与Grenfell查询中报告的目测结果进行比较，验证了该模型。然后创建了Grenfell塔整个东面的CFD模型。本文详细介绍了整个Grenfell塔立面在火灾后期水平阶段的CFD建模。由于横向火焰蔓延的物理性质与向上火焰蔓延的物理性质不同，因此对于这种配置，评估迄今为止开发的模型的有效性非常重要。模拟了整个立面上的火势蔓延，并将其与真实灾难的观察结果进行了比较。这样可以更好地了解其火灾行为，建筑细节的贡献及其对火灾蔓延的影响。