Wildlife is increasingly threatened by a suite of anthropogenic factors including climate change, habitat loss from human development, and invasive species. These threats are particularly pronounced on islands where species are more likely to go extinct. To better understand how native and invasive species on islands might respond to these threats, we compared habitat use between the endangered silver rice rat (SRR) Oryzomys palustris natator and invasive black rat Rattus rattus across multiple scales. We used a specialized camera trap design to survey rodents across the Lower Florida Keys, USA, a region vulnerable to emerging threats, such as rising sea level, and persistent threats, such as human development. Additionally, we used a novel modeling approach to investigate temporal variation in rodent activity as a function of lunar tides. Silver rice rat occurrence was greatest in regularly inundated mangroves that could potentially increase in extent as sea level rises. Black rats were widespread and often co‐occurred with SRR, but we observed temporal resource partitioning between these species, which suggests competition may be limited. Of the stressors we investigated, we conclude that contjaceinued urban development is the most substantial threat to SRR, and potentially other island species. Our results highlight island species’ disparate responses to different aspects of global change and the potential conservation opportunities that may result.

中文翻译：

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与同伴入侵物种相比，在多种尺度上的栖息地使用表明，濒危岛屿地方性物种具有抵御海平面上升的能力

一系列人为因素日益威胁着野生生物，这些因素包括气候变化，人类发展造成的栖息地丧失以及入侵物种。这些威胁在物种更容易灭绝的岛屿上尤为明显。为了更好地了解岛屿上的本地物种和入侵物种可能如何应对这些威胁，我们比较了濒临灭绝的银稻鼠（SRR）拟南芥Natator和入侵黑鼠Rattus rattus的栖息地使用情况。跨多个尺度。我们使用了专门的相机陷阱设计来调查美国下佛罗里达礁岛上的啮齿动物，该地区容易受到新兴威胁（例如海平面上升）和持续威胁（例如人类发展）的影响。此外，我们使用一种新颖的建模方法来调查啮齿动物活动的时间变化与潮汐的关系。在经常被淹没的红树林中，白银鼠的发生率最高，随着海平面的升高，白银鼠的范围可能会增加。黑老鼠分布广泛，通常与SRR并存，但我们观察到这些物种之间的时间资源分配，这表明竞争可能受到限制。在我们调查的压力源中，我们得出结论认为，受限制的城市发展是对SRR以及其他岛屿物种的最大威胁。