Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are episodic manifestations that mimic epileptic seizures (ES) although not associated with electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities. Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures and ES, however, can often cooccur. Emotional distress in adolescents can trigger PNES, but the psychopathological and personality features are still unknown. The aim of this study was to explore psychopathological features in a sample of referred youth with PNES, with or without ES, compared with a control group with ES. Thirty-four patients aged 12 to 21 years, 19 females and 15 males, were included in the study, 15 patients with PNES, 7 with PNES and ES, and 12 with ES. The three groups were compared according to psychiatric categorical diagnoses, psychopathological dimensions, life stressors, and personality traits, including alexithymia, interpersonal reactivity, and resilience, all assessed with structured measures. Patients with PNES, with or without ES, were more severely impaired, had a higher incidence of mood disorders, more frequent lifetime traumatic experiences, and lower resilience. All the three groups presented alexythimic traits and emotional dysregulation. Major limitations are the small sample size and the lack of a control group of healthy subjects. Disentagling psychopathological characteristics in PNES can help clinicians to focus diagnostic approaches and therapeutic interventions.

中文翻译：

---

伴有或不伴有癫痫的心因性非癫痫发作的转诊青少年的心理病理特征

心因性非癫痫发作 (PNES) 是模仿癫痫发作 (ES) 的发作性表现，但与脑电图 (EEG) 异常无关。然而，心因性非癫痫性癫痫发作和 ES 经常同时发生。青少年的情绪困扰可引发 PNES，但其心理病理和人格特征尚不清楚。本研究的目的是探索有或没有 ES 的 PNES 转诊青年样本的精神病理学特征，与有 ES 的对照组进行比较。34 名 12 至 21 岁的患者，19 名女性和 15 名男性，被纳入研究，15 名患者为 PNES，7 名患者为 PNES 和 ES，12 名患者为 ES。根据精神病学分类诊断、精神病理学维度、生活压力源和人格特征（包括述情障碍、人际反应性和韧性，所有这些都通过结构化措施进行评估。有或没有 ES 的 PNES 患者受损更严重，情绪障碍发生率更高，终生创伤经历更频繁，恢复力更低。所有三组都表现出述情障碍和情绪失调。主要限制是样本量小和缺乏健康受试者的对照组。解析 PNES 中的精神病理学特征可以帮助临床医生专注于诊断方法和治疗干预。所有三组都表现出述情障碍和情绪失调。主要限制是样本量小和缺乏健康受试者的对照组。解析 PNES 中的精神病理学特征可以帮助临床医生专注于诊断方法和治疗干预。所有三组都表现出述情障碍和情绪失调。主要限制是样本量小和缺乏健康受试者的对照组。解析 PNES 中的精神病理学特征可以帮助临床医生专注于诊断方法和治疗干预。