Animal models of acquisition have been vital in shaping our understanding of vulnerability factors that influence susceptibility to drugs of abuse. Decades of research substantiates a number of biological, environmental, and behavioral factors that predict vulnerability – many of which have been important in the development of early intervention efforts in humans. The goal of the present study was to examine the acquisition of a synthetic opioid derivative in 66 adult male and female Long-Evans rats following histories of stress exposure during adolescence. Stress-exposed rats were subjected to a mild stress paradigm, which included alternating exposure to synthetic fox feces and physical restraint for eight days. Following stress induction and assessment, all rats were implanted with intravenous catheters in order to self-administer remifentanil (1 μm/kg/infusion) with no prior operant training. Acquisition of remifentanil self-administration was measured over 15 days. Findings indicate that regardless of stress condition, female rats acquired remifentanil self-administration sooner and emitted more active lever presses than males. Stress exposed animals exhibited increased anxiety-like response compared to the control group following exposure to stress, operationalized as decreased exploratory behavior on an Elevated Plus Maze. However, these effects were not expressed as significant differences in self-administration by stress. Together, these findings indicate that sex differences are evident in remifentanil self-administration.

习得动物模型对于塑造我们对影响滥用药物敏感性的脆弱性因素的理解至关重要。数十年的研究证实了预测脆弱性的许多生物学，环境和行为因素，其中许多因素对人类早期干预工作的发展至关重要。本研究的目的是根据青春期应激暴露的历史，检查66只成年雄性和雌性Long-Evans大鼠中合成阿片样物质衍生物的获得情况。承受压力的大鼠受到轻度的压力范式，包括交替暴露于人造狐狸粪便和物理约束力八天。经过压力诱导和评估，所有大鼠均植入了静脉导管，以便在未进行手术前训练的情况下自行使用瑞芬太尼（1μm/ kg /输液）。在15天内测量瑞芬太尼自我给药的获得量。研究结果表明，无论应激条件如何，雌性大鼠均较早地获得瑞芬太尼自我给药，并比雄性大鼠释放更多的主动杠杆压力。与对照组相比，暴露于压力下的动物表现出更高的焦虑样反应，这是由于在高架迷宫中的探索行为减少所致。然而，这些作用并未表现为因压力自我管理的显着差异。总之，这些发现表明瑞芬太尼自我给药具有明显的性别差异。在15天内测量瑞芬太尼自我给药的获得量。研究结果表明，无论应激条件如何，雌性大鼠均较早地获得瑞芬太尼自我给药，并比雄性大鼠释放更多的主动杠杆压力。与对照组相比，暴露于压力下的动物表现出更高的焦虑样反应，这是由于在高架迷宫中的探索行为减少所致。然而，这些作用并未表现为因压力自我管理的显着差异。总之，这些发现表明瑞芬太尼自我给药具有明显的性别差异。在15天内测量瑞芬太尼自我给药的获得量。研究结果表明，无论应激条件如何，雌性大鼠均较早地获得瑞芬太尼自我给药，并比雄性大鼠释放更多的主动杠杆压力。与对照组相比，暴露于压力下的动物表现出更高的焦虑样反应，这是由于在高架迷宫中的探索行为减少所致。然而，这些作用并未表现为因压力自我管理的显着差异。总之，这些发现表明瑞芬太尼自我给药具有明显的性别差异。雌性大鼠较早获得瑞芬太尼自我给药，并且比雄性大鼠释放更多的主动压杆。与对照组相比，暴露于压力下的动物表现出更高的焦虑样反应，这是由于在高架迷宫中的探索行为减少所致。然而，这些作用并未表现为因压力自我管理的显着差异。总之，这些发现表明瑞芬太尼自我给药具有明显的性别差异。雌性大鼠较早获得瑞芬太尼自我给药，并且比雄性大鼠释放更多的主动压杆。与对照组相比，暴露于压力下的动物表现出更高的焦虑样反应，这是由于在高架迷宫中的探索行为减少所致。然而，这些作用并未表现为因压力自我管理的显着差异。总之，这些发现表明瑞芬太尼自我给药具有明显的性别差异。