Abstract We investigate the impact of wave-dependent stress on surge modelling, from case studies in the North Sea, using a global ocean model forced with a wave-atmosphere coupled model. We select the storms with the largest surges and a range of sea state development from young to mature seas. The modelled surges are compared to tide gauges and altimeter data. The ocean model is able to accurately predict storm surges in coastal areas. The consistency of the model outputs, the altimeter, and the tide gauge data confirms the accuracy of altimeters for storm surge measurements. We show that using a wave-dependent rather than a wind-dependent only stress formulation gives more accurate surge simulations when the sea state is young and the sea rougher. Taking into account the waves in the stress formulation has a significant impact on the surges (up to 20 cm).

中文翻译：

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波浪相关应力对北海风暴潮模拟的影响：对照原位和卫星观测的海洋模型评估

摘要 我们从北海的案例研究中，使用由波浪-大气耦合模型强制的全球海洋模型，研究了波浪相关应力对涌浪建模的影响。我们选择浪涌最大的风暴和从年轻到成熟的海面发展的一系列海况。将模拟的浪涌与潮汐计和高度计数据进行比较。海洋模型能够准确预测沿海地区的风暴潮。模型输出、高度计和潮汐计数据的一致性证实了高度计测量风暴潮的准确性。我们表明，当海况较年轻且海面较粗糙时，使用依赖波浪而非仅依赖风的应力公式可提供更准确的浪涌模拟。