Abstract We assessed the effectiveness of a pheromone auto-confusion method applied for a three-year study (Years 1–3) in a confectionery factory store infested by almond moths, Ephestia cautella (Walker), based on pheromone traps and the presence of spermatophores in females captured with water traps. The application of Exosect® SP Tab pheromone dispensers, at a rate of 1 tablet per 25 m2 floor area, combined with water traps eliminated a great numbers of males and females and reduced mating and population levels of E. cautella. The results confirmed that when auto-confusion was applied (Years 2–3) the percentage of mated females was lower compared with the previous year (Year 1), which was used as the control. The auto-confusion provides continuous activity against E. cautella adults and is a good approach to Integrated Pest Management that reduces the need for chemical treatments.

中文翻译：

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Ephestia cautella (Walker) 在糖果工厂商店感染干果的自动混淆

摘要 我们评估了一种信息素自动混淆方法的有效性，该方法用于一项为期三年的研究（第 1-3 年），在一家被杏仁蛾、Ephestia cautella (Walker) 侵扰的糖果工厂店中，基于信息素陷阱和精囊的存在。在用水陷阱捕获的雌性中。Exosect® SP Tab 信息素分配器的应用（每 25 平方米地板面积 1 片）与集水器相结合，消除了大量雄性和雌性，并降低了 E. cautella 的交配和种群水平。结果证实，当应用自动混淆时（第 2-3 年），与用作对照的前一年（第 1 年）相比，交配雌性的百分比较低。自动混淆提供针对 E 的持续活动。