Chromium (Cr) is the most common heavy metal and that becomes toxic when present at higher concentrations in aquatic environments. Allium mongolicum Regel flavonoids (AMRF) has been documented to possess detoxification, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of dietary AMRF and Cr exposure on bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, and immune response in Ctenopharyngodon idella. After acclimation, 360 fish were randomly distributed into six groups. The fish were fed with diets supplemented with Cr and/or AMRF for 4 weeks (28 days), the Cr concentrations were 0, 120, and 240 mg/kg and the concentrations of AMRF were 0 or 40 mg/kg, respectively. The results shown that Cr accumulation in the kidney, liver, spleen, intestine and gill were significantly increased following Cr exposure, dietary AMRF supplementation attenuated the increased in Cr accumulation. Dietary AMRF supplementation significantly reduced the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) in liver, spleen and gill compared with the same Cr dose groups. When fish were supplemented with AMRF significantly increased lysozyme activity (LZM), complement 3 (C3) in kidney and intestine compared with the same Cr dose groups. Serum glutamic oxalate transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were significantly increased following exposure to Cr. Dietary AMRF supplementation significantly decreased GOT and GPT activity in the serum. In addition, AMRF supplementation can decrease the expression of inflammatory (NF-κB p65, TNF-α and IL-1β) and increased the expression of tight junction proteins (occludin and ZO-1) following Cr exposure in C. idella. These results indicate that AMRF has the potential to alleviate the effects of Cr toxicity in C. idella.

铬（Cr）是最常见的重金属，在水生环境中浓度较高时会变得有毒。蒙古葱Regel类黄酮（AMRF）已被证明具有排毒，抗氧化剂和抗炎特性。这项研究的目的是探讨日粮AMRF和Cr暴露对中华绒螯蟹（Ctenopharyngodon idella）生物积累，氧化应激和免疫反应的潜力。适应后，将360条鱼随机分为6组。给鱼饲喂补充Cr和/或AMRF的饲料4周（28天），Cr的浓度分别为0、120和240 mg / kg，AMRF的浓度分别为0或40 mg / kg。结果表明，暴露于铬后，肾脏，肝脏，脾脏，肠和g中的铬积累显着增加，日粮中添加AMRF可以减轻铬积累的增加。与相同的Cr剂量组相比，膳食AMRF补充显着降低了肝脏，脾脏和g中的丙二醛（MDA）和羰基蛋白（PC）含量。与相同的Cr剂量组相比，当鱼类补充AMRF时，肾和肠中的溶菌酶活性（LZM），补体3（C3）显着增加。暴露于铬后，血清谷草酸转氨酶（GOT）和谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶（GPT）显着增加。膳食AMRF补充剂可显着降低血清中的GOT和GPT活性。此外，补充AMRF可以降低Cr暴露后炎症（NF-κBp65，TNF-α和IL-1β）的表达并增加紧密连接蛋白（occludin和ZO-1）的表达。C. idella。这些结果表明，具有AMRF以减轻毒性的Cr在效应的潜在C.草鱼。