Abstract

Creating tetraploid rice is a promising field in increasing crop yields. There are currently no commercial rice varieties due to poor panicle grazing, which is caused by low pollen fertility. It is stated in the scientific literature that tetraploid plants are obtained in vitro androgenesis as an additional starting material. The aim of the study was to study the characteristics of callus in anther culture of rice in vitro, on which tetraploid plants are formed, and the characteristics of rice tetraploid regenerants. Studies were performed on 15 F₂ hybrids of Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica Kato of three hybrid combinations. In vitro androgenesis is a reliable way to obtain polyploid regenerants in the majority of genotypes: 59 plants (1.9% of all green regenerants) are tetraploid. The proportion of calli with tetraploids is 17.6%. Calli on which tetraploid plants were formed are characterized by a decreased number of haploids and an increased number of seedless plants of nonhaploid origin. The maximum number of tetraploids per callus aggregate is 12 pcs. Tetraploids obtained in vitro androgenesis have a slight grazing of the main panicle (on average 1.0–6.0 pcs.), which is typical for polyploid rice.

中文翻译：

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水稻四倍体的体外雄激素形成

摘要

创造四倍体水稻是提高作物产量的有前途的领域。目前由于花粉育性低而导致的穗粒放牧不佳，尚无商品水稻品种。科学文献中指出，四倍体植物是在体外雄激素生成中获得的，是一种额外的原料。本研究的目的是研究形成四倍体植物的水稻花药体外培养中的愈伤组织特性，以及水稻四倍体再生剂的特性。对15_个水稻稻亚种的F ₂杂种进行了研究。日本加藤三个混合组合。体外雄激素生成是获得大多数基因型多倍体再生体的可靠方法：59种植物（占所有绿色再生体的1.9％）是四倍体。带有四倍体的愈伤组织比例为17.6％。形成四倍体植物的愈伤组织的特征在于单倍体数量减少和非单倍体来源的无籽植物数量增加。每个愈伤组织聚集体最大四倍体数目为12个。在体外雄激素生成中获得的四倍体的主穗略有掠食（平均1.0–6.0个），这是多倍体水稻的典型特征。