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Determining the Minimum Allowable Wastewater Purification before Discharging with Allowance for the Harmful Effect Summation
Thermal Engineering Pub Date : 2020-09-07 , DOI: 10.1134/s0040601520090074
A. K. Sokolov

Abstract

The procedure and examples of determining the standard (minimum allowable) wastewater purification η, the minimum allowable concentrations of substances in the discharged water cst, and the permissible discharge standards are considered. It is shown in the context of potential effect of several substances, taking into account the harmful effect summation, that it is possible to determine only one unknown (cst). Two analytical methods have been obtained for solving the problem of calculating the standard purification rate η: for all substances (subject to the unknown η1 = η2 = η3 =… or the relations between them are equal) and for determining η only for one substance, for example, the first η1 (subject to the value assignment for other η2, η3, …). In general, the problem of determining η does not have an unambiguous solution since the choice of one of two types of solutions, as well as substances for which the desired η should be set or calculated, requires an independent technical and economic study. The possibility is established for using the normalized concentration for the summation of substance effects in solving the inverse problems of calculating the wastewater dilution in water bodies. To illustrate the effect of harmful summation on the safety of discharges and methodology testing, a calculation example of the purification degree η of technical wastewater containing two substances, for example fluorine and hydrazine, is given. In addition to fluorine and hydrazine, the water body contained a third substance, formaldehyde, which was absent in wastewater. All the substances have the harmful effect summation. The possible ratios η1 and η2 are calculated (for fluorine and hydrazine, respectively), at which the discharge of these substances will be safe for the water body. It is shown that the harmful effect summation significantly affects the standard wastewater purification degree.



中文翻译:

确定排放前的最低允许废水净化量,并计及有害影响的总和

摘要

考虑确定标准(最小允许)废水净化η,排放水中的物质的最小允许浓度c st的过程和示例,以及允许的排放标准。考虑到有害影响的总和,在几种物质的潜在作用的背景下,可以确定仅一种未知物(c st)。已经获得用于解决计算标准净化率η的问题的两种分析方法:对所有物质(受未知η 123= ...或者它们之间的关系是相等的)和用于确定η仅一种物质,例如,第一η 1(视情况而为其他η的值分配2,η 3,…)。通常,确定η的问题没有明确的解决方案,因为选择两种类型的解决方案之一以及应为其设置或计算所需η的物质都需要进行独立的技术和经济研究。为解决计算水体中废水稀释度的反问题,可以使用归一化浓度对物质效应进行求和。为了说明有害的总和对排放安全性和方法学测试的影响,给出了含有氟和肼两种物质的工业废水的净化度η的计算示例。除氟和肼外,水体还包含废水中不存在的第三种物质甲醛。所有物质都有有害作用的总和。可能的比率η1和η 2的计算(对于氟和肼,分别地),在这些物质的放电将是水体安全的。结果表明,有害影响总和对标准废水的净化度有显着影响。

更新日期:2020-09-08
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