In the field of flame retardant polymer, it is an important challenge by the addition of a small amount of flame retardant to obtain the flame retardancy that meet the application requirements. In this work, a novel nanoscale flame retardant, phosphorene micro-flake was prepared by electrochemical exfoliation of black phosphorus and spiral spray drying technology, which was employed to improve the flame retardancy of the epoxy resin. The influence of phosphorene micro-flakes on the fire-retardant action of epoxy resin-based composite were investigated with a UL-94 test supplemented by thermogravimetric analysis. It was found that the flame retardancy of the phosphorene micro-flakes/epoxy nanocomposite increased with the content of phosphorene micro-flakes. In the UL-94 test, when the content of phosphorene micro-flake was 0.94 wt%, the flame retardancy of phosphorene micro-flake/epoxy nanocomposite achieved the UL-94 V-0 rating, with the bending strength and bending modulus of the nanocomposite were enhanced by more than 30% compared with the neat epoxy resin. Similarly, the bending strength and bending modulus of the nanocomposite increases first and then decreases when the content of black phosphorene micro-flakes increased in the range of 0–0.94 wt%, and that of nanocomposite with 0.2 wt% of black phosphorene micro-flake was more than two times that of nanocomposite without phosphorene. Obviously, as a nano flame retardant, black phosphorene can improve simultaneously both mechanical properties and flame retardancy of the polymer, which attribute to the size effect of nanostructure of black phosphorene.

在阻燃聚合物领域，通过添加少量阻燃剂以获得满足应用要求的阻燃性是一个重要的挑战。本工作通过黑磷的电化学剥落和螺旋喷雾干燥技术，制备了一种新型的纳米级阻燃磷微粉，用于提高环氧树脂的阻燃性。通过UL-94试验和热重分析，研究了磷微薄片对环氧树脂基复合材料阻燃性能的影响。发现磷光微片/环氧树脂纳米复合材料的阻燃性随磷光微片的含量而增加。在UL-94测试中，当磷微片的含量为0.94wt％时，磷微鳞片/环氧树脂纳米复合材料的阻燃性达到UL-94 V-0等级，与纯环氧树脂相比，纳米复合材料的抗弯强度和弯曲模量提高了30％以上。类似地，当黑色磷光体微片的含量在0-0.94 wt％范围内增加时，纳米复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量先增加，然后降低；而当黑色磷光体微片的含量为0.2 wt％时，纳米复合材料的抗弯强度和弯曲模量则降低是不含磷烯的纳米复合材料的两倍以上。显然，作为一种纳米阻燃剂，黑色磷烯可同时提高聚合物的机械性能和阻燃性，这归因于黑色磷烯的纳米结构的尺寸效应。