Abstract Cancer, as a global health issue, its treatment with conventional approaches is challenged by non-specific biodistribution and targeting, poor solubility, low therapeutic indices and majorly the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR) that enables the cancer cells to survive against antineoplastic agents. A better understanding in tumor biology as well as a huge progression in nanotechnology in recent years have led to the interest in developing nanoscale carriers capable of delivering drugs appropriately to specific tumor sites. With the advanced surface modification techniques, nanoparticles decorated with different surfactants/polymer coatings/ligands have shown their abilities much more superior to conventional cancer treatments. Specifically, they are featured with properties such as specific targeting, water soluble, stable, biocompatible and biodegradable, while certain type has demonstrated the ability to reverse MDR effect. This review consolidates the limitations of current nanocarriers as well as the development of several smart nanocarriers, namely liposomes, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes and polymeric micelles. We also discuss the future research prospects and potential improvements in these smart nanocarriers.

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用于癌症治疗的纳米载体：临床影响和安全性

摘要 癌症作为一个全球性的健康问题，其传统方法的治疗面临着非特异性生物分布和靶向性、溶解性差、治疗指数低以及主要是多药耐药性（MDR）的发展，使癌细胞能够在抵抗下存活的挑战。抗肿瘤剂。近年来，随着对肿瘤生物学的更好理解以及纳米技术的巨大进步，人们对开发能够将药物适当地输送到特定肿瘤部位的纳米级载体产生了兴趣。借助先进的表面改性技术，用不同的表面活性剂/聚合物涂层/配体装饰的纳米粒子已显示出比传统癌症治疗更优越的能力。具体而言，它们具有诸如特异性靶向、水溶性、稳定、生物相容性和生物降解性，而某些类型已证明具有逆转 MDR 效应的能力。该综述巩固了当前纳米载体的局限性以及几种智能纳米载体的发展，即脂质体、树枝状聚合物、碳纳米管和聚合物胶束。我们还讨论了这些智能纳米载体的未来研究前景和潜在改进。