Classical swine fever (CSF) is among the most relevant viral epizootic diseases of swine. Due to its severe economic impact, CSF is notifiable to the world organisation for animal health. Strict control policies, including systematic stamping out of infected herds with and without vaccination, have permitted regional virus eradication. Nevertheless, CSF virus (CSFV) persists in certain areas of the world and has re-emerged regularly. This review summarizes the basic established knowledge in the field and provides a comprehensive and updated overview of the recent advances in fundamental CSFV research, diagnostics and vaccine development. It covers the latest discoveries on the genetic diversity of pestiviruses, with implications for taxonomy, the progress in understanding disease pathogenesis, immunity against acute and persistent infections, and the recent findings in virus-host interactions and virulence determinants. We also review the progress and pitfalls in the improvement of diagnostic tools and the challenges in the development of modern and efficacious marker vaccines compatible with serological tests for disease surveillance. Finally, we highlight the gaps that require research efforts in the future.

经典猪瘟 (CSF) 是与猪最相关的病毒性流行病之一。由于其严重的经济影响，CSF 须向世界动物卫生组织通报。严格的控制政策，包括在接种和不接种疫苗的情况下系统地扑灭受感染的牛群，已经允许区域病毒的根除。尽管如此，脑脊液病毒 (CSFV) 仍然存在于世界某些地区并定期重新出现。本综述总结了该领域的基本知识，并对基础 CSFV 研究、诊断和疫苗开发的最新进展进行了全面和更新的概述。它涵盖了关于瘟病毒遗传多样性的最新发现，对分类学、了解疾病发病机制的进展、对急性和持续感染的免疫力、以及最近在病毒-宿主相互作用和毒力决定因素方面的发现。我们还回顾了诊断工具改进方面的进展和缺陷，以及开发与疾病监测血清学检测兼容的现代有效标记疫苗方面的挑战。最后，我们强调了未来需要研究工作的差距。