Marine Environmental Research ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-06 , DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105110 Joana Roma 1 , Ana Rita Matos 2 , Catarina Vinagre 3 , Bernardo Duarte 4
There is an increasing awareness of how damaging pollutants in the marine environment can be, however information on the effects of metal engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) on marine biota is still insufficient, despite an exponential rising in related publications in recent years. In order to provide an integrated insight on the present state of the art on metal ENP-related ecotoxicology studies on marine fauna, this review aimed to: (i) highlight the means of toxicity of metal ENPs in the marine environment, (ii) identify the principal biotic and abiotic factors that may alter metal ENP toxicity, and (iii) analyse and categorize results of these studies, including accumulation, molecular and histological biomarkers, genotoxicity and behavioural changes. Data retrieved from Scopus yielded 134 studies that met pre-established criteria. Most often, the target ENPs were titanium, zinc, copper or silver, and most studies (61.2%) focused on the phylum Mollusca. The degree of toxicity of metal ENPs was often dependent on the concentrations tested, length of exposure and the type of tissue sampled. Effects from simple tissue accumulation to DNA damage or behavioural alterations were identified, even when concentrations below environmentally available levels were used. It is proposed that other phyla besides the traditional Mollusca (and within it Bivalvia) should be used more often in this kind of studies, that exact pathways of toxicity be further explored, and lastly that co-stressors be used in order to best mimic conditions observed in nature. In this review, the current knowledge on engineered metal nanoparticles and their effects on marine fauna was summarized, highlighting present knowledge gaps. Guidelines for future studies focusing on under-developed subjects in ENP toxicology are also briefly provided.
中文翻译:
海洋环境中的工程金属纳米粒子:对海洋动物群影响的回顾
人们越来越意识到海洋环境中污染物的破坏性,然而,尽管近年来相关出版物呈指数增长,但关于金属工程纳米粒子 (ENP) 对海洋生物群影响的信息仍然不足。为了对海洋动物群中金属 ENP 相关生态毒理学研究的现状提供综合见解,本综述旨在:(i)突出金属 ENP 在海洋环境中的毒性方式,(ii)确定可能改变金属 ENP 毒性的主要生物和非生物因素,以及 (iii) 分析和分类这些研究的结果,包括积累、分子和组织学生物标志物、遗传毒性和行为变化。从 Scopus 检索的数据产生了 134 项符合预先确定标准的研究。最经常,目标 ENP 是钛、锌、铜或银,大多数研究 (61.2%) 集中在软体动物门上。金属 ENP 的毒性程度通常取决于测试的浓度、暴露时间和取样组织的类型。确定了从简单的组织积累到 DNA 损伤或行为改变的影响,即使使用低于环境可用水平的浓度也是如此。建议在此类研究中更频繁地使用除传统软体动物(以及其中的双壳类动物)之外的其他门,进一步探索确切的毒性途径,最后使用共应激源以最好地模拟条件在自然界中观察到。在这篇综述中,总结了目前关于工程金属纳米粒子及其对海洋动物的影响的知识,突出当前的知识差距。还简要提供了针对 ENP 毒理学欠发达学科的未来研究指南。