The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is an important model economic insect. Cross breeding is an important way to select excellent silkworm varieties, and different combinations among the same parents often show different genetic characters. To explore the regulatory mechanism of silk gland differences in reciprocal cross silkworm, the 3rd day of the 5th instar of the orthogonal silkworm (306♀ × NB♂, 798♀ × NB♂) and the reverse cross silkworm (NB♀ × 306♂, NB♀ × 798♂) silk glands were used as experimental materials, then using Label-free-based proteomics and RNA-Seq-based transcriptomics for analysis. Besides, the qRT-PCR was used to validate the expression of differentially expressed genes. The results showed that in NB♀ × 306♂ VS 306♀ × NB♂ group, 280 differentially expressed genes and 238 differential proteins were up-regulated while 40 differentially expressed genes and 149 differential proteins were down-regulated; in NB♀ × 798♂ VS 798♀ × NB♂, 82 differentially expressed genes and 325 differential proteins were up-regulated while 113 differentially expressed genes and 258 differential proteins were down-regulated. Further analysis indicated that the up-regulation of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase gene and cytochrome P450 gene, which are related to mitochondria, might be regulated by maternal inheritance. The GO and KEGG enrichment initially showed that the differential genes and proteins are mainly involved in processes such as protease metabolism, ATP hydrolysis, lipid transport, insect hormone synthesis, and TCA cycle. The down-regulated expression of ecdysone oxidase and Serpin-32 in the reverse cross group will reduce the energy utilization in the process of silk gland synthesis, increase the hydrolysis of serine, affect the synthesis and transport of silk protein, and cause the difference between reciprocal crosses.

家蚕，家蚕，是经济昆虫的重要典范。杂交育种是选择优良家蚕品种的重要途径，同一亲本间的不同组合通常表现出不同的遗传特征。为了研究相互交叉的家蚕的丝腺差异的调控机制，正交蚕（306♀×NB♂，798♀×NB♂）第5龄第三天和反向杂交家蚕（NB♀×306♂）的第3天， NB♀×798♂）丝腺用作实验材料，然后使用基于无标记的蛋白质组学和基于RNA-Seq的转录组学进行分析。此外，qRT-PCR用于验证差异表达基因的表达。结果表明，在NB♀×306♂VS306♀×NB♂组中，上调280个差异表达基因和238个差异蛋白，同时下调40个差异表达基因和149个差异蛋白。在NB♀×798♂VS798♂×NB♂中，82个差异表达基因和325个差异蛋白被上调，而113个差异表达基因和258个差异蛋白被下调。进一步的分析表明，与线粒体有关的线粒体醛脱氢酶基因和细胞色素P450基因的上调可能受母体遗传的调控。GO和KEGG的富集最初表明，差异基因和蛋白质主要参与诸如蛋白酶代谢，ATP水解，脂质转运，昆虫激素合成和TCA循环的过程。蜕皮激素氧化酶和蛋白的表达下调 82个差异表达基因和325个差异蛋白被上调，而113个差异表达基因和258个差异蛋白被下调。进一步的分析表明，与线粒体有关的线粒体醛脱氢酶基因和细胞色素P450基因的上调可能受母体遗传的调控。GO和KEGG的富集最初显示，差异基因和蛋白质主要参与蛋白酶代谢，ATP水解，脂质转运，昆虫激素合成和TCA循环等过程。蜕皮激素氧化酶和蛋白的表达下调 82个差异表达基因和325个差异蛋白被上调，而113个差异表达基因和258个差异蛋白被下调。进一步的分析表明，与线粒体有关的线粒体醛脱氢酶基因和细胞色素P450基因的上调可能受母体遗传的调控。GO和KEGG的富集最初表明，差异基因和蛋白质主要参与诸如蛋白酶代谢，ATP水解，脂质转运，昆虫激素合成和TCA循环的过程。蜕皮激素氧化酶和蛋白的表达下调 进一步的分析表明，与线粒体有关的线粒体醛脱氢酶基因和细胞色素P450基因的上调可能受母体遗传的调控。GO和KEGG的富集最初表明，差异基因和蛋白质主要参与诸如蛋白酶代谢，ATP水解，脂质转运，昆虫激素合成和TCA循环的过程。蜕皮激素氧化酶和蛋白的表达下调 进一步的分析表明，与线粒体有关的线粒体醛脱氢酶基因和细胞色素P450基因的上调可能受母体遗传的调控。GO和KEGG的富集最初显示，差异基因和蛋白质主要参与蛋白酶代谢，ATP水解，脂质转运，昆虫激素合成和TCA循环等过程。蜕皮激素氧化酶和蛋白的表达下调反向交联基团中的Serpin-32会减少丝腺合成过程中的能量利用，增加丝氨酸的水解，影响丝蛋白的合成和运输，并导致相互交配之间的差异。