Abstract Nanofluids have attracted interest for their high performance in enhancing heat transfer and improving combustion. However, few studies have investigated the influences of nanoparticles on spray processes. In this study, the surface waves, liquid column oscillation, and droplet size distribution of a nanofluid transverse jet were investigated at low gas Weber number. A new statistical image-processing method was proposed to identify the surface wavelength and jet oscillation amplitude. A new power index parameter was proposed to account for the effect of nanoparticles, and then introduced to correlate with the upwind wavelength and Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of nanofluid droplets in the far field. The results show that in bag breakup and multimode breakup, the wavelengths decrease along the jet flow direction while the amplitudes gradually increase in the initial stage. The characteristic wavelength and SMD diminish with the increase of nanoparticle concentration, and the oscillation angle of liquid column increases correspondingly. The nanoparticle additive at low concentration obviously enhances the flow instability and cavitation inside the jet. Therefore, the fineness and uniformity of nanofluid atomization in the far field are significantly improved.

中文翻译：

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纳米粒子对气体横流中液体射流不稳定性的影响

摘要 纳米流体因其在增强传热和改善燃烧方面的高性能而引起了人们的兴趣。然而，很少有研究调查纳米粒子对喷雾过程的影响。在这项研究中，在低气体韦伯数下研究了纳米流体横向射流的表面波、液柱振荡和液滴尺寸分布。提出了一种新的统计图像处理方法来识别表面波长和射流振荡幅度。提出了一个新的功率指数参数来解释纳米颗粒的影响，然后引入与远场中纳米流体液滴的逆风波长和 Sauter 平均直径 (SMD) 相关联。结果表明，在包解体和多模解体中，波长沿射流方向减小，而振幅在初始阶段逐渐增加。特征波长和SMD随着纳米粒子浓度的增加而减小，液柱的振荡角相应增大。低浓度的纳米颗粒添加剂明显增强了射流内部的流动不稳定性和空化。因此，纳米流体在远场雾化的精细度和均匀性得到显着提高。