During intestinal infection, microbes induce ROS by various mechanisms in C. elegans. ROS can have beneficial roles, acting as antimicrobials and as signaling molecules that activate cytoprotective pathways. Failure to maintain appropriate levels of ROS causes oxidative stress and cellular damage. This review uses the Damage Response Framework to interpret several recent observations on the relationships between infection, host response, and host damage, with a focus on mechanisms mediated by ROS. We propose a unifying hypothesis that ROS drive a collapse in proteostasis in infected C. elegans, which results in death during unresolved infection. Because the signaling pathways highlighted here are conserved in mammals, the mentioned and future studies can provide new tools of hypothesis generation in human health and disease.

在肠道感染期间，微生物通过各种机制在秀丽隐杆线虫中诱导 ROS 。ROS 可以发挥有益作用，作为抗菌剂和激活细胞保护途径的信号分子。未能维持适当水平的 ROS 会导致氧化应激和细胞损伤。这篇综述使用损伤反应框架来解释最近关于感染、宿主反应和宿主损伤之间关系的一些观察结果，重点是 ROS 介导的机制。我们提出了一个统一的假设，即 ROS 导致受感染的秀丽隐杆线虫的蛋白质稳态崩溃，在未解决的感染期间导致死亡。因为这里强调的信号通路在哺乳动物中是保守的，所以上述和未来的研究可以为人类健康和疾病的假设提供新的工具。