Chemical contaminants can be discharged by vessel hull cleaning processes, such as scraping, jet spraying, and painting, all of which produce readily transportable contaminants into the marine environment, where they are referred to as ‘hotspots’ of contamination in coastal areas. However, many countries have not yet established effective evaluation methods for disposal of waste mixtures or management guidelines for areas of hull cleaning. To define the toxic effects of wastewater from vessel hull cleaning in dry docks on resident non-target organisms, we investigated the chemical concentrations and developmental toxicity on embryonic flounder, which is an organism sensitive to chemical contamination. In this study, the dominant inorganic metal discharged was zinc when cleaning Ship A (300 tons) and copper for Ship B (5,000 tons). The wastewater from high-pressure water blasting (WHPB) of Ship A (300 tons) and Ship B (5,000 tons) produced a largely overlapping suite of developmental malformations including pericardial edema, spinal curvature, and tail fin defects. Forty-eight hours after exposure, the frequency percentage of malformation began to increase in embryos exposed to a 500-fold dilution of WHPB from Ships A and B. We performed transcriptome sequencing to characterize the toxicological developmental effects of WHPB exposure at the molecular level. The results of the analysis revealed significantly altered expression of genes associated with muscle cell differentiation, actin-mediated cell contraction, and nervous system development (cutoff P < 0.01) in embryonic flounder exposed to high-pressure cleaning effluent from Ship A. Genes associated with chromatin remodeling, cell cycling, and insulin receptor signaling pathways were significantly altered in embryonic flounder exposed to WHPB of Ship B (cutoff P < 0.01). These findings provide a greater understanding of the developmental toxicity and potential effects of WHPB effluent on coastal embryonic fish. Furthermore, our results could inform WHPB effluent management practices to reduce impacts on non-target coastal organisms.

化学污染物可通过刮擦，喷射喷涂和涂漆等船体清洁工艺排放，所有这些工艺都会将易于运输的污染物排放到海洋环境中，在沿海环境中被称为污染物的“热点”。但是，许多国家尚未建立有效的废物混合物处置评估方法或船体清洁领域的管理准则。为了定义干船坞清洁船体废水对驻留的非目标生物的毒害作用，我们研究了对化学物质敏感的生物比目鱼的化学浓度和发育毒性。在这项研究中，清洁A船（300吨）时排放的主要无机金属是锌，而B船（5,000吨）则排放了铜。A船（300吨）和B船（5,000吨）的高压喷水（WHPB）产生的废水产生了很多重叠的发育畸形，包括心包水肿，脊柱弯曲和尾鳍缺损。暴露后48小时，暴露于来自A和B船的500倍WHPB稀释液中的胚胎中畸形的频率百分比开始增加。我们进行了转录组测序，从分子水平表征WHPB暴露的毒理学发育效应。分析结果显示与肌肉细胞分化，肌动蛋白介导的细胞收缩和神经系统发育相关的基因表达发生了显着改变（截止 000吨）产生了大量重叠的发育畸形，包括心包水肿，脊柱弯曲和尾鳍缺损。暴露后48小时，暴露于来自A和B船的500倍WHPB稀释液中的胚胎中畸形的频率百分比开始增加。我们进行了转录组测序，从分子水平表征WHPB暴露的毒理学发育效应。分析结果显示与肌肉细胞分化，肌动蛋白介导的细胞收缩和神经系统发育相关的基因表达发生了显着改变（截止 000吨）产生了大量重叠的发育畸形，包括心包水肿，脊柱弯曲和尾鳍缺损。暴露后48小时，暴露于来自A和B船的500倍WHPB稀释液中的胚胎中畸形的频率百分比开始增加。我们进行了转录组测序，在分子水平上表征了WHPB暴露的毒理学发育效应。分析结果显示与肌肉细胞分化，肌动蛋白介导的细胞收缩和神经系统发育相关的基因表达发生了显着改变（截止 暴露于来自A和B船的500倍稀释的WHPB的胚胎中畸形的频率百分比开始增加。我们进行了转录组测序，在分子水平上表征了WHPB暴露的毒理学发育效应。分析结果显示与肌肉细胞分化，肌动蛋白介导的细胞收缩和神经系统发育相关的基因表达发生了显着改变（截止 暴露于来自A和B船的500倍稀释的WHPB的胚胎中畸形的频率百分比开始增加。我们进行了转录组测序，在分子水平上表征了WHPB暴露的毒理学发育效应。分析结果显示与肌肉细胞分化，肌动蛋白介导的细胞收缩和神经系统发育相关的基因表达发生了显着改变（截止暴露于A船高压清洗废水的比目鱼中的P <0.01）。暴露于B船WHPB的比目鱼中与染色质重塑，细胞周期和胰岛素受体信号通路相关的基因发生了显着改变（临界P <0.01） 。这些发现为WHPB废水对沿海胚胎鱼的发育毒性和潜在影响提供了更深入的了解。此外，我们的结果可为WHPB废水管理实践提供参考，以减少对非目标沿海生物的影响。