Abstract A field experiment was accompanied to scrutinize the effect of long-term (21-year) mineral and organic manure fertilizer treatments on carbon mineralization, glomalin related soil protein and some microbial characteristics of arable soils in Indian mid-Himalaya. The experiment was initiated in 1995 includes six treatments: Control, N 120, NPK, FYM, N + FYM and NPK + FYM. Long-term chemical fertilization has been reported to negative effects on soil biological properties, however, the impact of combined use of organic and inorganic fertilization on soil biological properties and its relationship remains poorly understood. Results showed that integrated use of organic and inorganic (NPK + FYM) for 21 years significantly increased in carbon mineralization, easily extractable glomalin related soil protein (EEGRSP) and total glomalin related soil protein (TGRSP). Soil microbial indices (microbial quotient: qMIC, microbial metabolic quotient: qCO2 and metabolic potential: MP) were enhanced in the NPK + FYM treatment as compared to rest of the treatments. The activities of seven enzymes, viz. dehydrogenase (DHA), β-glucosidase (β-GA), invertase (IA), acid phosphatase (Acid-PA), alkaline phosphatase (Alkaline-PA), arylsulphatase (ASA) and urease activity (UA) were significantly influenced by the application of NPK + FYM as compared rest of treatments. Soil fertilization with NPK and FYM was significantly higher fluorescein diacetate assay (FDA) activity as compared to other treatments. Soil microbial properties had strong positive correlation with qMIC, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil organic carbon (SOC), while qCO2 had negative correlation under both soil layers. Results showed that the 21-year fertilization experiment clearly indicated that NPK + FYM embodied the best management practice (BMPs) for soil biological sustainability and for sustainable food production.

中文翻译：

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有机肥和无机肥对印度中喜马拉雅地区大豆-小麦轮作生物土壤质量指标的长期影响

摘要 通过田间试验，研究了长期（21 年）无机肥和有机肥处理对印度喜马拉雅中部可耕土壤的碳矿化、球藻蛋白相关土壤蛋白质和一些微生物特征的影响。该实验于 1995 年开始，包括六个处理：对照、N 120、NPK、FYM、N + FYM 和 NPK + FYM。据报道，长期化学施肥对土壤生物学特性有负面影响，但有机无机施肥联合使用对土壤生物学特性的影响及其关系仍知之甚少。结果表明，有机无机综合利用（NPK+FYM）21年碳矿化显着增加，易于提取的球藻蛋白相关土壤蛋白 (EEGRSP) 和总球藻蛋白相关土壤蛋白 (TGRSP)。与其他处理相比，NPK + FYM 处理的土壤微生物指数（微生物商数：qMIC，微生物代谢商数：qCO2 和代谢潜力：MP）得到增强。七种酶的活性，即。脱氢酶 (DHA)、β-葡萄糖苷酶 (β-GA)、转化酶 (IA)、酸性磷酸酶 (Acid-PA)、碱性磷酸酶 (Alkaline-PA)、芳基硫酸酯酶 (ASA) 和脲酶活性 (UA)与其他处理相比，NPK + FYM 的应用。与其他处理相比，使用 NPK 和 FYM 进行土壤施肥显着提高了荧光素二乙酸酯测定 (FDA) 活性。土壤微生物特性与 qMIC 呈强正相关，微生物生物量碳（MBC）和土壤有机碳（SOC），而qCO2在两个土层下均呈负相关。结果表明，21 年的施肥试验清楚地表明 NPK + FYM 体现了土壤生物可持续性和可持续粮食生产的最佳管理实践 (BMPs)。