Solar cells represent one of the most important sources of clean energy in modern societies. Solar cell manufacturing is a delicate process that often introduces defects that reduce cell efficiency or compromise durability. Current inspection systems detect and discard faulty cells, wasting a significant percentage of resources. We introduce Cell Doctor, a new inspection system that uses state of the art techniques to locate and classify defects in solar cells and performs a diagnostic and treatment process to isolate or eliminate the defects. Cell Doctor uses a fully automatic process that can be included in a manufacturing line. Incoming solar cells are first moved with a robotic arm to an Electroluminescence diagnostic station, where they are imaged and analysed with a set of Gabor filters, a Principal Component Analysis technique, a Random Forest classifier and different image processing techniques to detect possible defects in the surface of the cell. After the diagnosis, a laser station performs an isolation or cutting process depending on the detected defects. In a final stage, the solar cells are characterised in terms of their I–V Curve and I–V Parameters, in a Solar Simulator station. We validated and tested Cell Doctor with a labelled dataset of images of monocrystalline silicon cells, obtaining an accuracy and recall above 90% for Cracks, Area Defects and Finger interruptions; and precision values of 77% for Finger Interruptions and above 90% for Cracks and Area Defects. Which allows Cell Doctor to diagnose and repair solar cells in an industrial environment in a fully automatic way.

太阳能电池是现代社会中最重要的清洁能源之一。太阳能电池制造是一个微妙的过程，通常会引入缺陷，从而降低电池效率或损害耐用性。当前的检查系统检测并丢弃有故障的单元，浪费了大量资源。我们介绍了Cell Doctor，这是一种新的检查系统，该系统使用最新技术对太阳能电池中的缺陷进行定位和分类，并执行诊断和处理过程以隔离或消除缺陷。细胞医生使用可包含在生产线中的全自动过程。首先使用机械臂将传入的太阳能电池移至电致发光诊断站，并在其中使用一组Gabor滤镜，主成分分析技术，随机森林分类器和不同的图像处理技术对它们进行成像和分析，以检测出可能的缺陷。细胞表面。诊断后，激光站将根据检测到的缺陷执行隔离或切割过程。在最后阶段，在太阳能模拟器站中根据太阳能电池的I–V曲线和I–V参数表征太阳能电池。我们使用标记的单晶硅电池图像数据集对Cell Doctor进行了验证和测试，获得了准确度，并且召回率超过90％裂缝，区域缺陷和手指中断; 手指中断的精度值为77％，裂缝和区域缺陷的精度值为90％以上。这使Cell Doctor能够在工业环境中以全自动方式诊断和修复太阳能电池。