Background

Several insects such as mosquitoes, flies, ticks, fleas, lice, and mites are known to serve as vectors for a vast number of pathogens. Many such vectors are hematophagous, and therefore introduce pathogens directly into the host’s bloodstream. Importantly, the capacity of these vectors to spread disease can lead to serious global health crises. Furthermore, crop damage can be exacerbated by pathogen infection and increased insect foraging due to recent global warming.

Methods

Our study categorized insect-associated damage into three groups: animal infection, plant infection, and direct crop damage due to insect foraging. To manage these problems, insect repellents and pesticides have been developed, among which DEET is the most broadly used and studied pest control agent. This review discusses the mode of action and possible mechanisms of DEET action, including olfactory and gustatory mechanisms and central nervous system impairment.

Conclusion

To protect humans from malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, zika, and filariasis, as well as to reduce economic losses associated with crop damage, considerably more efforts are needed to characterize the interactions between insects and insect repellents/pesticides to develop more potent pest control agents.

中文翻译：

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避蚊胺毒性和携带疾病的昆虫载体的细胞和分子机制：综述。

背景

众所周知，蚊子、苍蝇、蜱、跳蚤、虱子和螨虫等几种昆虫是大量病原体的载体。许多这样的载体是吸血的，因此将病原体直接引入宿主的血流中。重要的是，这些媒介传播疾病的能力可能导致严重的全球健康危机。此外，由于最近的全球变暖，病原体感染和昆虫觅食增加会加剧作物损害。

方法

我们的研究将昆虫相关损害分为三类：动物感染、植物感染和昆虫觅食导致的直接作物损害。为了解决这些问题，已经开发了驱虫剂和杀虫剂，其中避蚊胺是应用最广泛和研究最广泛的害虫防治剂。本综述讨论了避蚊胺作用的作用方式和可能的机制，包括嗅觉和味觉机制以及中枢神经系统损伤。

结论

为了保护人类免受疟疾、黄热病、登革热、寨卡病毒和丝虫病的侵害，并减少与作物损害相关的经济损失，需要付出更多努力来表征昆虫与驱虫剂/杀虫剂之间的相互作用，以开发更有效的害虫控制剂。