Observations of the ionosphere with the airglow, GPS-TEC, and HF radar techniques reveal a resonant response of the middle and upper atmosphere to broad-band excitation by earthquakes, volcano eruptions, and convective storms. The resonances occur at such frequencies that an atmospheric wave, which is radiated at the ground level and is reflected from a turning point in the middle or upper atmosphere, upon return to the ground level satisfies boundary conditions on the ground. Using asymptotic and numerical models of atmospheric waves, this paper investigates atmospheric resonances and their excitation by seismic waves and infragravity waves in the ocean. It is found that “buoyancy” resonances with periods up to several hours arise in addition to “acoustic” resonances with periods of about 3–5 min. The acoustic and buoyancy resonances occur, respectively, on the acoustic and gravity branches of the dispersion curve of acoustic-gravity waves. Buoyancy of the atmosphere is important for the resonances of both kinds. Acoustic resonances are found to be sensitive to the temperature profile, especially around mesopause and tropopause, and are predicted to be a seasonal phenomenon in polar atmosphere. Unlike acoustic resonances, buoyancy resonances exhibit high sensitivity to the wind velocity profile and its variations. The resonances correspond to most efficient coupling between the atmosphere and its lower boundary and are promising for detection of such coupling.

中文翻译：

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大气共振及其与地面振动和海洋波浪的耦合

使用气辉、GPS-TEC 和 HF 雷达技术对电离层的观测揭示了中层和高层大气对地震、火山爆发和对流风暴的宽带激发的共振响应。共振发生在这样的频率下，即在地面辐射并从中层或高层大气的转折点反射的大气波在返回地面时满足地面边界条件。本文使用大气波的渐近模型和数值模型，研究了海洋中的地震波和次重力波引起的大气共振及其激发。发现除了周期约为 3-5 分钟的“声学”共振之外，还会出现周期长达数小时的“浮力”共振。发生声学和浮力共振，分别在声-重力波频散曲线的声和重力分支上。大气的浮力对于这两种共振都很重要。发现声共振对温度分布很敏感，特别是在中层顶和对流层顶附近，并且预计是极地大气中的季节性现象。与声学共振不同，浮力共振对风速剖面及其变化表现出很高的敏感性。共振对应于大气与其下边界之间最有效的耦合，并且有望用于检测这种耦合。发现声共振对温度分布很敏感，特别是在中层顶和对流层顶附近，并且预计是极地大气中的季节性现象。与声学共振不同，浮力共振对风速剖面及其变化表现出很高的敏感性。共振对应于大气与其下边界之间最有效的耦合，并且有望用于检测这种耦合。发现声共振对温度分布很敏感，特别是在中层顶和对流层顶附近，并且预计是极地大气中的季节性现象。与声学共振不同，浮力共振对风速剖面及其变化表现出很高的敏感性。共振对应于大气与其下边界之间最有效的耦合，并且有望用于检测这种耦合。