Five Selaginella species (i.e, S. gioiae, S. papillosa, S. pubimarginata, S. rostrata, and S. xanthoneura) from Neotropical rainforests of South America are described and illustrated as new, while S. surucucusensis, originally recorded only from Brazil, is redefined to account for species’ morphological characters throughout its expanded distribution range and also a novel illustration is provided for it. Inferred taxonomic affinities and conservation assessment are offered for species here treated. Selaginella gioiae is native to Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, and S. xanthoneura is so far only known in Colombia, whereas S. surucucusensis is now known to occur in Colombia and Venezuela in the north-central part of South America. These three species are included in the “Selaginella flabellata group” based on their habit, stem shape, rhizophores position, and mega- and microspores color, and ornamentation. Selaginella papillosa, S. pubimarginata, and S. rostrata are native to Venezuela. Selaginella papillosa and S. pubimarginata morphologically belong in the “Selaginella deltoides group” based on their habit, stem type, shape of lateral leaves and their indument type distributed on upper surface of the leaf lamina. On the other hand, S. rostrata is considered to be a member of the “Selaginella microdonta group,” which is centered in the Guiana Highlands, based on its habit, stem type, and leaf size and shape, and for which a key to identify species is provided. Finally, all species threated here are classified in subg. Stachygynandrum based on their heteromorphic leaves, mostly quadrangular strobili, and monomorphic sporophylls shape (except for S. rostrata that has slightly dorsiventral and flattened strobili with somewhat heteromorphic sporophylls).

中文翻译：

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南美卷柏（Selaginellaceae，Lycopodiophyta）的分类学创新：五个新物种的描述和附加范围的扩展

描述和说明了来自南美新热带雨林的5种卷柏属物种（S. gioiae，S。papillosa，S。pubimarginata，S。rostrata和S. xanthoneura），并举例说明了它们是新的，而S. surucucusensis最初仅来自巴西记录重新定义了，以说明物种在其扩展的分布范围内的形态特征，并为此提供了新颖的插图。对于此处处理过的物种，提供了推断的分类学亲和力和保护性评估。卷柏（Selaginella gioiae）原产于哥伦比亚，厄瓜多尔和秘鲁，迄今仅在哥伦比亚才知道黄腐S.thanthoneura，而现在已知南美南中部地区的哥伦比亚和委内瑞拉有S. surucucusensis。根据它们的习性，茎的形状，根茎的位置，大孢子和小孢子的颜色以及装饰。卷柏卷柏，S。pubimarginata和S. rostrata原产于委内瑞拉。根据它们的习性，茎类型，侧叶形状和分布在叶片层上表面的树突类型，卷柏卷柏和长链志贺菌在形态上属于“卷柏卷柏组”。另一方面，根据其习性，茎的类型，叶片的大小和形状，S。rostrata被认为是“ Selaginella microdonta组”的一员，该种群位于圭亚那高地的中心，并且对于识别提供的物种。最后，这里受到威胁的所有物种都归为subg。水母以其异形叶为主，多数为四角形可塑性，并具有单形孢子体形状（S除外）。