Herein, by performing a templated electrodeposition process with an oscillating electrical signal stimulation, a vessel-like structured chitosan hydrogel (diameter about 0.4 mm) was successfully prepared in the absence of salt conditions. Experimental results demonstrated that the hydrogel growth (e.g. the thickness) is linearly correlated with the imposed charge transfer and can be well quantified by using a theoretical moving front model. Morphological observations indicated that the heterogeneous multilayer structure was spatially and temporally controlled by an externally employed electrical signal sequence while the channel structure could be determined by the shaped electrode. Moreover, the oscillating ON–OFF cycles were proved to strongly affect the film structure, leading to a more compact hydrogel coating with a lower water content, higher crystallinity, complex layer architecture and relatively strong mechanical properties that could be easily peeled off as a free-standing hollow tube. Importantly, all the experiments were conducted under mild conditions that allowed additional enhancing materials to be added in to further improve the mechanical and/or biological properties. Thus, this work advances a very promising self-assembly technology for the construction of a multi-functional hydrogel coating and artificial blood vessel regeneration.

中文翻译：

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通过使用脉冲电信号对容器状结构化壳聚糖水凝胶进行线模板电沉积。

在此，通过在振荡的电信号刺激下进行模板电沉积过程，在无盐条件下成功制备了容器状结构的壳聚糖水凝胶（直径约0.4mm）。实验结果表明，水凝胶的生长（例如厚度与施加的电荷转移呈线性相关，并且可以使用理论上的移动前沿模型很好地量化。形态学观察表明，异质多层结构在空间和时间上受外部使用的电信号序列控制，而通道结构可由成形电极确定。此外，事实证明，振荡的开-关循环会强烈影响膜的结构，从而导致水凝胶涂层更致密，含水量更低，结晶度更高，层结构复杂并且机械性能相对较强，可以很容易地将其自由剥离。空心管。重要的，所有实验均在温和的条件下进行，允许添加其他增强材料以进一步改善机械和/或生物学性能。因此，这项工作为构建多功能水凝胶涂层和人工血管再生提供了非常有前途的自组装技术。