Acute leukemias represent the main malignancies occurring among children under the age of 15 years. Around 17% corresponds to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow complements the diagnosis of hematological malignancies, therefore finding chromosomal aberrations provides a more reliable prognosis of the disease. Among the cytogenetic aberrations, sole trisomy is frequent in malignant neoplasias, but few cases related to AML have been reported. We report a sole trisomy 6 in a pediatric patient diagnosed as AML M4 and poor progression. We carried out a literature review of AML patients with sole trisomy 6 and compared their evolution against AML patients with normal karyotype. This is the first case of pediatric AML M4 with this cytogenetic finding. Sole trisomy 6 is infrequently reported in AML but scarce in pediatric cases. Based on overall survival analysis, we suggest that sole trisomy 6 could be associated with poor prognosis, in both, adult as well as pediatric AML.

中文翻译：

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小儿三体性染色体6在小儿急性髓细胞性白血病中不常见，可能与预后不良有关

急性白血病是15岁以下儿童中发生的主要恶性肿瘤。约有17％的患者患有急性髓细胞性白血病（AML）。骨髓的细胞遗传学分析补充了血液系统恶性肿瘤的诊断，因此发现染色体畸变为该病的预后提供了更可靠的方法。在细胞遗传学畸变中，唯一的三体性在恶性肿瘤中很常见，但是很少有与AML相关的病例报道。我们报告了被诊断为AML M4和进展缓慢的儿科患者的唯一三体性6。我们对唯一三体性6号AML患者进行了文献综述，并将其与正常核型的AML患者进行了比较。这是具有这种细胞遗传学发现的小儿AML M4的第一例。AML中很少报道6号三体症，但在儿科病例中很少见。基于总体生存分析，我们建议成人和儿童AML均应采用6三体法与不良预后相关。