We propose a generic system model for a special category of interdependent networks, demand-supply networks, in which the demand and the supply nodes are associated with heterogeneous loads and resources, respectively. Our model sheds a light on a unique cascading failure mechanism induced by resource/load fluctuations, which in turn opens the door to conducting stress analysis on interdependent networks. Compared to the existing literature mainly concerned with the node connectivity, we focus on developing effective resource allocation methods to prevent these cascading failures from happening and to mitigate/confine them upon occurrence in the network. To prevent cascading failures, we identify some dangerous stress mechanisms, based on which we quantify the robustness of the network in terms of the resource configuration scheme. Afterward, we identify the optimal resource configuration under two resource/load fluctuations scenarios: uniform and proportional fluctuations. We further investigate the optimal resource configuration problem considering heterogeneous resource sharing costs among the nodes. To mitigate/confine ongoing cascading failures, we propose two network adaptations mechanisms: intentional failure and resource re-adjustment, based on which we propose an algorithm to mitigate an ongoing cascading failure while reinforcing the surviving network with a high robustness to avoid further failures.

中文翻译：

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供需相互依存网络中灾难性故障的预防和缓解

我们为一种特殊类别的相互依赖的网络，即供需网络提出了一个通用系统模型，其中需求和供应节点分别与异构负载和资源相关联。我们的模型揭示了由资源/负载波动引起的独特级联故障机制，这反过来为对相互依赖的网络进行压力分析打开了大门。与主要关注节点连接性的现有文献相比，我们专注于开发有效的资源分配方法，以防止这些级联故障的发生，并在网络中发生时减轻/限制它们。为了防止级联故障，我们确定了一些危险的压力机制，在此基础上我们根据资源配置方案量化网络的稳健性。之后，我们确定了两种资源/负载波动情况下的最佳资源配置：均匀波动和比例波动。我们进一步研究了考虑节点间异构资源共享成本的最优资源配置问题。为了减轻/限制正在进行的级联故障，我们提出了两种网络适应机制：故意故障和资源重新调整，在此基础上我们提出了一种算法来减轻正在进行的级联故障，同时以高鲁棒性加强幸存的网络以避免进一步的故障。