With the emergence of the concept of smart city and the increase of vehicles, the vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is widely accepted for the communication of vehicles to get information including road condition, traffic congestion description, speed, and location of vehicles. Naturally, the security of the data transmission in VANET has become one of the urgent tasks of researchers. Many privacy-preserving authentication protocols for VANETs have been presented. However, heavy computations and security flaws exist in them. Thus, we put forward a lightweight authentication protocol in a suitable communication model for VANET that meets the privacy protection needs, with only hash functions and exclusive-OR operations. Formal security analysis using BAN logic shows that our protocol achieves the security goals. Proverif is used to verify the security of the protocol and the results show that the privacy can be guaranteed under the simulated attacker. Moreover, through security properties analysis, our protocol is robust enough to get rid of common attacks and keep the communication data secretly. The performance comparison results show that our protocol is lightweight and efficient. Furthermore, we simulate the network with SUMO and NS-3, and all show that our protocol is efficient and practical for VANETs.

中文翻译：

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VANET的轻量级隐私保护身份验证协议

随着智能城市概念的出现和车辆的增加，车辆自组织网络（VANET）被广泛用于车辆通信，以获取包括路况，交通拥堵描述，速度和车辆位置在内的信息。自然，VANET中数据传输的安全性已成为研究人员的紧迫任务之一。已经提出了许多用于VANET的保护隐私的身份验证协议。但是，其中存在繁重的计算和安全漏洞。因此，我们在适用于VANET的合适通信模型中提出了一种轻量级的身份验证协议，该协议仅满足哈希函数和异或运算即可满足隐私保护需求。使用BAN逻辑进行的正式安全性分析表明，我们的协议实现了安全性目标。用Proverif验证了协议的安全性，结果表明在模拟攻击者的保护下可以保证隐私。此外，通过安全属性分析，我们的协议足够强大，可以摆脱常见的攻击并秘密地保护通信数据。性能比较结果表明，我们的协议轻巧高效。此外，我们用SUMO和NS-3模拟了网络，所有结果都表明我们的协议对于VANET是有效且实用的。