Industrial automation has created a high demand for private 5G networks, the deployment of which calls for an efficient and reliable solution to ensure strict compliance with regulatory emission limits. While traditional methods for measuring outdoor interference include collecting real-world data by walking or driving, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offers an attractive alternative due to their flexible mobility and adaptive altitude. As UAVs perform measurements quickly and semiautomatically, they can potentially assist in near-real-time adjustments of the network configuration and fine-tuning its parameters, such as antenna settings and transmit power, as well as help improve indoor connectivity while respecting outdoor emission constraints. This article offers a firsthand tutorial on using aerial 5G emission assessment for interference management in nonpublic networks by reviewing the key challenges of UAV-mounted radio scanner measurements. In particular, we outline the challenges of practical assessment of the outdoor interference originating from a local indoor 5G network while discussing regulatory and other related constraints, and address practical methods and tools while summarizing the recent results of our measurement campaign. The reported proof of concept confirms that UAV-based systems represent a promising tool for capturing outdoor interference from private 5G systems.

中文翻译：

---

针对私有 5G NR 部署的无人机辅助干扰评估：挑战和解决方案

工业自动化对私有 5G 网络产生了很高的需求，其部署需要高效可靠的解决方案，以确保严格遵守监管排放限制。虽然测量室外干扰的传统方法包括通过步行或驾驶收集真实世界的数据，但无人机 (UAV) 的使用提供了一种有吸引力的替代方案，因为它们具有灵活的机动性和自适应高度。由于 UAV 以快速和半自动方式执行测量，因此它们可能有助于近乎实时地调整网络配置并微调其参数，例如天线设置和发射功率，并帮助改善室内连接性，同时遵守室外发射限制. 本文通过回顾无人机安装无线电扫描仪测量的主要挑战，提供了关于使用空中 5G 发射评估进行非公共网络干扰管理的第一手教程。特别是，我们在讨论监管和其他相关限制的同时概述了对源自本地室内 5G 网络的室外干扰进行实际评估的挑战，并在总结我们测量活动的最新结果的同时解决了实用的方法和工具。报告的概念验证证实，基于无人机的系统是一种很有前途的工具，可以捕获来自私人 5G 系统的室外干扰。我们概述了对源自本地室内 5G 网络的室外干扰进行实际评估的挑战，同时讨论了监管和其他相关限制，并在总结我们测量活动的最新结果的同时解决了实用的方法和工具。报告的概念验证证实，基于无人机的系统是一种很有前途的工具，可以捕获来自私人 5G 系统的室外干扰。我们概述了对源自本地室内 5G 网络的室外干扰进行实际评估的挑战，同时讨论了监管和其他相关限制，并在总结我们测量活动的最新结果的同时解决了实用的方法和工具。报告的概念验证证实，基于无人机的系统是一种很有前途的工具，可以捕获来自私人 5G 系统的室外干扰。