Heterogeneous catalysts for CO₂ reduction derived from porous, crystalline frameworks have emerged as efficient systems with comparable activity and superior selectivity to their inorganic counterparts. The spatial arrangement of active sites in such catalytically active frameworks is critical to their performance in CO₂ reduction. This review presents a comprehensive and critical analysis of (thermal) CO₂ reduction over catalysts derived from porous, crystalline frameworks, whose structural and chemical diversity offers unprecedented opportunities to regulate reactivity. Thermodyamic considerations and the impact of process parameters on reaction intermediates, governing mechanisms for CO₂ reduction and catalyst stability are discussed. Strategies for leveraging the flexibility of porous, crystalline frameworks to improve their stability and promote CO₂ reduction are presented which include: use as sacrificial precursors to an active phase; integration within composites; and as hosts for nanoparticle encapsulation. Finally, future challenges and research prospects are highlighted.

中文翻译：

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用于热催化还原CO2的多孔晶体框架：一种新兴的范例

源自多孔晶体框架的用于CO ₂还原的非均相催化剂已成为具有与无机同类物相当的活性和优异的选择性的有效体系。在这种催化活性框架中活性位点的空间布置对于它们在CO ₂还原中的性能至关重要。这篇综述提供了对从多孔，结晶构架衍生的催化剂的（热）CO ₂还原的全面而严格的分析，其结构和化学多样性为调节反应性提供了前所未有的机会。热力学因素以及工艺参数对反应中间体的影响，CO _2的控制机理讨论了还原和催化剂稳定性。提出了利用多孔晶体框架的柔性来改善其稳定性并促进CO ₂还原的策略，包括：用作活性相的牺牲前体；集成在复合材料中；并作为纳米粒子封装的主体。最后，强调了未来的挑战和研究前景。