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Hormetic Promotion of Biofilm Growth by Polyvalent Bacteriophages at Low Concentrations.
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 11.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-04 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03558
Bo Zhang 1 , Pingfeng Yu 2 , Zijian Wang 3 , Pedro J J Alvarez 2
Affiliation  

Interactions between bacteriophages (phages) and biofilms are poorly understood despite their broad ecological and water quality implications. Here, we report that biofilm exposure to lytic polyvalent phages at low concentrations (i.e., 102–104 phages/mL) can counterintuitively promote biofilm growth and densification (corroborated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)). Such exposure hormetically upregulated quorum sensing genes (by 4.1- to 24.9-fold), polysaccharide production genes (by 3.7- to 9.3-fold), and curli synthesis genes (by 4.5- to 6.5-fold) in the biofilm-dwelling bacterial hosts (i.e., Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) relative to unexposed controls. Accordingly, the biofilm matrix increased its polysaccharide and extracellular DNA content relative to unexposed controls (by 41.8 ± 2.3 and 81.4 ± 2.2%, respectively), which decreased biofilm permeability and increased structural integrity. This contributed to enhanced resistance to disinfection with chlorine (bacteria half-lives were 6.08 ± 0.05 vs 3.91 ± 0.03 min for unexposed controls) and to subsequent phage infection (biomass removal was 18.2 ± 1.2 vs 32.3 ± 1.2% for unexposed controls), apparently by mitigating diffusion of these antibacterial agents through the biofilm. Overall, low concentrations of phages reaching a biofilm may result in unintended biofilm stimulation, which might accelerate biofouling, biocorrosion, or other biofilm-related water quality problems.

中文翻译:

低浓度下多价噬菌体对生物膜生长的刺激性促进。

尽管噬菌体(噬菌体)和生物膜之间的相互作用具有广泛的生态和水质影响,但人们对其了解甚少。在这里,我们报告说,生物膜暴露于低浓度的溶解性多价噬菌体(即10 2 –10 4噬菌体/ mL)可以反直观地促进生物膜的生长和致密化(共聚焦激光扫描显微镜(CLSM)证实)。这种暴露在生物膜驻留细菌宿主中会异常上调群体感应基因(4.1到24.9倍),多糖生成基因(3.7到9.3倍)和curli合成基因(4.5到6.5倍)。 (即大肠杆菌铜绿假单胞菌)相对于未暴露的控件。因此,相对于未暴露的对照,生物膜基质增加了其多糖和细胞外DNA的含量(分别增加了41.8±2.3和81.4±2.2%),从而降低了生物膜的通透性并提高了结构完整性。显然,这增强了对氯消毒的抵抗力(细菌半衰期为6.08±0.05 vs未暴露对照的3.91±0.03 min)和随后的噬菌体感染(生物量去除为18.2±1.2 vs未暴露对照的32.3±1.2%)。通过减轻这些抗菌剂通过生物膜的扩散。总体而言,低浓度的噬菌体到达生物膜可能会导致意外的生物膜刺激,这可能会加速生物污染,生物腐蚀或其他与生物膜相关的水质问题。
更新日期:2020-10-06
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