Recent outbreaks of engraver beetles, Ips spp. De Geer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Scolytinae), in ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm. (Pinales: Pinaceae), forests of northern Arizona have resulted in widespread tree mortality. Current treatment options, such as spraying individual P. ponderosa with insecticides or deep watering of P. ponderosa in urban and periurban settings, are limited in applicability and scale. Thinning stands to increase tree vigor is also recommended, but appropriate timing is crucial. Antiaggregation pheromones, widely used to protect high-value trees or areas against attacks by several species of Dendroctonus Erichson (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Scolytinae), would provide a feasible alternative with less environmental impacts than current treatments. We evaluated the efficacy of the antiaggregation pheromone verbenone (4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one) in reducing attraction of pine engraver, I. pini (Say), to funnel traps baited with their aggregation pheromone in two trapping assays. Treatments included 1) unbaited control, 2) aggregation pheromone (bait), 3) bait with verbenone deployed from a pouch, and 4) bait with verbenone deployed from a flowable and biodegradable formulation (SPLAT Verb, ISCA Technologies Inc., Riverside, CA). Unbaited traps caught no beetles. In both assays, baited traps caught significantly more I. pini than traps with either formulation of verbenone, and no significant difference was observed between the verbenone pouch and SPLAT Verb. In the second assay, we also examined responses of Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Trogositidae), a common bark beetle predator. Traps containing verbenone pouches caught significantly fewer T. chlorodia than the baited control and SPLAT Verb treatments. We conclude that verbenone shows promise for reducing tree mortality from I. pini.

中文翻译：

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Verbenone 抑制 Ips pini（鞘翅目： Curculionidae）对亚利桑那州北部信息素诱饵陷阱的吸引力

最近爆​​发的雕刻甲虫，Ips spp。De Geer（鞘翅目：Curculionidae；Scolytinae），在黄松中，Pinusponderosa var. scopulorum 恩格尔姆。（Pinales：松科），亚利桑那州北部的森林导致了广泛的树木死亡。当前的处理选择，例如在城市和郊区环境中用杀虫剂喷洒黄松个体或对黄松进行深度浇水，在适用性和规模上都受到限制。还建议间伐林分以增加树木活力，但适当的时机至关重要。抗聚集信息素广泛用于保护高价值树木或区域免受几种 Dendroctonus Erichson（鞘翅目： Curculionidae；Scolytinae）的攻击，将提供一种可行的替代方案，其对环境的影响比目前的处理方法要小。我们评估了抗聚集信息素马鞭草酮 (4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one) 在减少松树雕刻师 I. pini (Say) 对漏斗诱饵的吸引力方面的功效与它们的聚集信息素在两个捕获测定中。处理包括 1) 无诱饵控制，2) 聚集信息素（诱饵），3）从小袋中部署马鞭草酮的诱饵，以及 4）从可流动和可生物降解的制剂中部署马鞭草酮的诱饵（SPLAT Verb，ISCA Technologies Inc.，Riverside，CA ）。没有诱饵的陷阱没有捕捉到甲虫。在这两种测定中，诱饵陷阱捕获的 I. pini 比使用马鞭草任何一种配方的陷阱明显多，并且在马鞭草袋和 SPLAT Verb 之间没有观察到显着差异。在第二个测定中，我们还检查了 Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim) (Coleoptera: Trogositidae) 的反应，一种常见的树皮甲虫捕食者。与诱饵控制和 SPLAT Verb 处理相比，包含马鞭草囊袋的陷阱捕获的 T. chlorodia 明显更少。我们得出结论，马鞭草有希望降低 I. pini 的树木死亡率。