The enactive theory of perception hypothesizes that perceptual access to objects depends on the mastery of sensorimotor contingencies, that is, on the know-how of the regular ways in which changes in sensations depend on changes in movements. This hypothesis can be extended into the social domain: perception of other minds is constituted by mastery of self-other contingencies, that is, by the know-how of the regular ways in which changes in others’ movements depend on changes in one’s movements. We investigated this proposal using the perceptual crossing paradigm, in which pairs of players are required to locate each other in an invisible one-dimensional virtual space by using a minimal haptic interface. We recorded and analyzed the real-time embodied social interaction of 10 pairs of adult participants. The results reveal a process of implicit perceptual learning: on average, clarity of perceiving the other’s presence increased over trials and then stabilized. However, a clearer perception of the other was not associated with correctness of recognition as such, but with both players correctly recognizing each other. Furthermore, the moments of correct mutual recognition tended to happen within seconds. The fact that changes in social experience can only be explained by the successful performance at the level of the dyad, and that this veridical mutual perception tends toward synchronization, lead us to hypothesize that integration of neural activity across both players played a role.

中文翻译：

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感觉是相互的：触觉介导的社会感知的清晰度与对他人的认识无关，只与对彼此的认识有关

感知的生成理论假设，对物体的感知访问取决于对感觉运动偶然性的掌握，也就是说，取决于对感觉变化取决于运动变化的常规方式的了解。这个假设可以扩展到社会领域：对他人心灵的感知是由对自我其他偶然性的掌握构成的，也就是说，通过了解他人动作的变化取决于自己的动作变化的规律方式。我们使用感知交叉范式研究了这个提议，其中要求成对的玩家通过使用最小的触觉界面在一个不可见的一维虚拟空间中相互定位。我们记录并分析了 10 对成年参与者的实时社交互动。结果揭示了一个内隐知觉学习的过程：平均而言，感知对方存在的清晰度随着试验而增加，然后稳定下来。然而，对对方更清晰的感知与识别的正确性无关，而是与两个玩家正确识别对方有关。此外，正确相互识别的时刻往往会在几秒钟内发生。事实上，社会经验的变化只能通过二元组层面的成功表现来解释，而且这种真实的相互感知趋于同步，这使我们假设两个参与者的神经活动的整合发挥了作用。对对方更清晰的感知与识别的正确性无关，而是与两个玩家正确识别对方有关。此外，正确相互识别的时刻往往会在几秒钟内发生。事实上，社会经验的变化只能通过二元组层面的成功表现来解释，而且这种真实的相互感知趋于同步，这使我们假设两个参与者的神经活动的整合发挥了作用。对对方更清晰的感知与识别的正确性无关，而是与两个玩家正确识别对方有关。此外，正确相互识别的时刻往往会在几秒钟内发生。事实上，社会经验的变化只能通过二元组层面的成功表现来解释，而且这种真实的相互感知趋于同步，这使我们假设两个参与者的神经活动的整合发挥了作用。