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Effects of Climate Change Stressors on the Prokaryotic Communities of the Antarctic Sponge Isodictya kerguelenensis
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ( IF 3 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-04 , DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00262
Rodolfo Rondon , Marcelo González-Aravena , Alejandro Font , Magdalena Osorio , César A. Cárdenas

Microbial symbionts of marine sponges play important roles for the hosts and also for their ecosystems. The unique tolerance of marine sponges to a wide diversity of microbial symbionts allows them to acquire a wide variety of “evolutionary solutions” to environmental challenges. Ice scour is one of the main forces structuring Antarctic benthic communities, and its effect is expected to increase as further warming is projected for the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). The interaction of these physical drivers may have a significant impact, shaping the microbiome of Antarctic sponges under current and future scenarios of climate change. The aim of this research was to assess how stressors, such as warming and injuries produced by ice scour, affect the microbiome of the marine Antarctic sponge Isodictya kerguelenensis under current and predicted scenarios. Individuals of I. kerguelenensis were sampled in shallow waters (10 m) off the coast of Doumer Island, Palmer Archipelago, WAP. In order to mimic the effect of tissue damage produced by ice scour, tissue samples were taken at days 0 (T0d) and 15 (T15d) from individuals placed in a control (0.5°C) and two temperature treatments (3 and 6°C). Our analysis of 16S libraries from the V4–V5 region revealed two phyla of archaea and 22 of bacteria. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the most representative in terms of both number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and sequence abundances. The analysis at the OTU level shows a significant interactive effect of injury and temperature. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) shows a clear group of uninjured sponges and three other groups of injured sponges according to temperature. Our results also show a group of OTUs that were only present in injured sponges and are potential markers of sponge damage. Our study suggests that the disturbance produced by icebergs may have a direct impact on the sponge microbiome. Future climate change scenarios with warming and increases in iceberg impacts may lead to prokaryotic symbiont disruption on sponge species, potentially having cascading effects for the host and the functional roles they play in the Antarctic ecosystem; however, the potential effects of this disruption are to be further studied.

中文翻译:

气候变化压力源对南极海绵Isodictya kerguelenensis原核群落的影响

海洋海绵的微生物共生体对宿主及其生态系统起着重要作用。海洋海绵对各种微生物共生体的独特耐受性使它们能够获得各种应对环境挑战的“进化解决方案”。冰冲刷是构成南极底栖群落的主要力量之一,随着南极半岛西部 (WAP) 的进一步变暖,其影响预计会增加。这些物理驱动因素的相互作用可能会产生重大影响,在当前和未来的气候变化情景下塑造南极海绵的微生物群。这项研究的目的是评估压力源,例如冰冲刷产生的变暖和伤害,在当前和预测的情况下影响海洋南极海绵 Isodictya kerguelenensis 的微生物组。I. kerguelenensis 个体在 WAP 帕尔默群岛 Doumer 岛海岸附近的浅水区 (10 m) 中取样。为了模拟冰冲刷产生的组织损伤的影响,在第 0 (T0d) 天和第 15 (T15d) 天从置于对照 (0.5°C) 和两个温度处理 (3°C 和 6°C) 中的个体采集组织样本)。我们对来自 V4-V5 区域的 16S 文库的分析揭示了两个古细菌门和 22 个细菌门。Proteobacteria 和 Bacteroidetes 在操作分类单元 (OTU) 的数量和序列丰度方面最具代表性。OTU 级别的分析显示了损伤和温度的显着交互作用。主坐标分析 (PCoA) 根据温度显示一组清晰的未受伤海绵和其他三组受伤海绵。我们的结果还显示了一组仅存在于受损海绵中的 OTU,它们是海绵受损的潜在标志。我们的研究表明,冰山产生的干扰可能对海绵微生物群有直接影响。随着变暖和冰山影响增加的未来气候变化情景可能会导致海绵物种的原核共生体中断,可能对宿主及其在南极生态系统中发挥的功能作用产生连锁效应;然而,这种破坏的潜在影响有待进一步研究。我们的结果还显示了一组仅存在于受损海绵中的 OTU,它们是海绵受损的潜在标志。我们的研究表明,冰山产生的干扰可能对海绵微生物群有直接影响。随着变暖和冰山影响增加的未来气候变化情景可能会导致海绵物种的原核共生体中断,可能对宿主及其在南极生态系统中发挥的功能作用产生连锁效应;然而,这种破坏的潜在影响有待进一步研究。我们的结果还显示了一组仅存在于受损海绵中的 OTU,它们是海绵受损的潜在标志。我们的研究表明,冰山产生的干扰可能对海绵微生物群有直接影响。随着变暖和冰山影响增加的未来气候变化情景可能会导致海绵物种的原核共生体中断,可能对宿主及其在南极生态系统中发挥的功能作用产生连锁效应;然而,这种破坏的潜在影响有待进一步研究。随着变暖和冰山影响增加的未来气候变化情景可能会导致海绵物种的原核共生体中断,可能对宿主及其在南极生态系统中发挥的功能作用产生连锁效应;然而,这种破坏的潜在影响有待进一步研究。随着变暖和冰山影响增加的未来气候变化情景可能会导致海绵物种的原核共生体破坏,可能对宿主及其在南极生态系统中发挥的功能作用产生连锁效应;然而,这种破坏的潜在影响有待进一步研究。
更新日期:2020-09-04
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