Abstract This investigation concerns the synthesis as well as structural and morphological characterizations of pure and Ce-doped ZnO nanorods. The samples were synthesized by simple low-temperature hydrothermal process using respectively NaOH and KOH as caustic bases. The as-synthesized nanorods were characterized in terms of their morphological, structural, compositional and vibrational properties. The sizes of the rods were found to be 1.5 μm to 2 μm in length and 250 nm to 300 nm in diameter. The presence of Ce ions in ZnO (NaOH) favored the agglomeration of the rods to form flower-like nanostructures. EDAX measurements showed Zn rich materials with high oxygen vacancy concentration. XRD results indicated that the synthesized ZnO nanorods possess a pure wurtzite structure with good crystallinity. It has also been found that Ce doping deteriorates the crystalline quality of ZnO (NaOH) and improves that of ZnO (KOH). The insignificant intensities observed in FT-IR signals confirm that the synthesized nanorods are of high purity. The Raman spectroscopy studies showed that Ce ions shift the vibrational modes towards lower frequencies. The peaks related to E2 (high) mode in ZnO (KOH) are relatively intense compared to those of ZnO (NaOH). The peaks are found to be shifted and asymmetrically broadened due to anharmonic effects originating from quantum-phonon-effect confinement.

中文翻译：

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不同苛性碱水热合成的纯和掺杂 Ce 的 ZnO 纳米棒的结构和形态表征

摘要 本研究涉及纯和掺 Ce ZnO 纳米棒的合成以及结构和形态特征。样品分别使用NaOH和KOH作为苛性碱，通过简单的低温水热法合成。合成后的纳米棒在其形态、结构、组成和振动特性方面进行了表征。发现棒的尺寸长度为 1.5 微米至 2 微米，直径为 250 纳米至 300 纳米。Ce 离子在 ZnO (NaOH) 中的存在有利于棒团聚形成花状纳米结构。EDAX 测量显示富锌材料具有高氧空位浓度。XRD结果表明合成的ZnO纳米棒具有纯纤锌矿结构和良好的结晶度。还发现 Ce 掺杂会降低 ZnO (NaOH) 的结晶质量并改善 ZnO (KOH) 的结晶质量。在 FT-IR 信号中观察到的微不足道的强度证实合成的纳米棒具有高纯度。拉曼光谱研究表明，Ce 离子将振动模式移向较低频率。与 ZnO (NaOH) 的峰相比，ZnO (KOH) 中与 E2（高）模式相关的峰相对强烈。发现由于源自量子声子效应限制的非谐效应，峰被移动和不对称加宽。拉曼光谱研究表明，Ce 离子将振动模式移向较低频率。与 ZnO (NaOH) 的峰相比，ZnO (KOH) 中与 E2（高）模式相关的峰相对强烈。发现由于源自量子声子效应限制的非谐效应，峰被移动和不对称加宽。拉曼光谱研究表明，Ce 离子将振动模式移向较低频率。与 ZnO (NaOH) 的峰相比，ZnO (KOH) 中与 E2（高）模式相关的峰相对强烈。发现由于源自量子声子效应限制的非谐效应，峰被移动和不对称加宽。