Lipopeptides (LPs) are a prominent class of molecules among the steadily growing spectrum of specialized metabolites retrieved from Pseudomonas, in particular soil-dwelling and plant-associated isolates. Among the multiple LP families, pioneering research focussed on phytotoxic and antimicrobial cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) of the ubiquitous plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae (syringomycin and syringopeptin). Their non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are embedded in biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that are tightly co-clustered on a pathogenicity island. Other members of the P. syringae group (Pseudomonas cichorii) and some species of the Pseudomonas asplenii group and Pseudomonas fluorescens complex have adopted these biosynthetic strategies to co-produce their own mycin and peptin variants, in some strains supplemented with an analogue of the P. syringae linear LP (LLP), syringafactin. This capacity is not confined to phytopathogens but also occurs in some biocontrol strains, which indicates that these LP families not solely function as general virulence factors. We address this issue by scrutinizing the structural diversity and bioactivities of LPs from the mycin, peptin, and factin families in a phylogenetic and evolutionary perspective. BGC functional organization (including associated regulatory and transport genes) and NRPS modular architectures in known and candidate LP producers were assessed by genome mining.

脂肽（LPs）是稳定增长的从假单胞菌（Pseudomonas）提取的特殊代谢产物中的一类重要分子，尤其是与土壤和植物相关的分离株。在多个LP家族中，开创性研究集中于普遍存在的植物病原体丁香假单胞菌丁香假单胞菌（syringomycin和syringopeptin）的植物毒性和抗菌性环脂肽（CLP）。它们的非核糖体肽合成酶（NRPS）嵌入在致病岛上紧密共聚的生物合成基因簇（BGC）中。丁香假单胞菌组（Pseudomonas cichorii）的其他成员和假单胞菌Asplenii组的一些物种和荧光假单胞菌复合物已采用这些生物合成策略来共同生产其自身的霉素和肽素变体，在某些菌株中补充了丁香假单胞菌线性LP（LLP）的丁香脂素。这种能力不仅限于植物病原体，而且还存在于某些生物防治菌株中，这表明这些LP家族不仅起一般毒力因子的作用。我们通过从系统发育和进化的角度仔细研究了霉素，肽蛋白和事实蛋白家族的LPs的结构多样性和生物活性，解决了这个问题。通过基因组挖掘评估了已知和候选LP生产者中的BGC功能组织（包括相关的调控和运输基因）和NRPS模块化体系结构。