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Mutations in the Pectin Methyltransferase QUASIMODO2 Influence Cellulose Biosynthesis and Wall Integrity in Arabidopsis thaliana.
The Plant Cell ( IF 11.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00252
Juan Du 1 , Alex Kirui 2 , Shixin Huang 3, 4 , Lianglei Wang 5 , William J Barnes 3, 6 , Sarah N Kiemle 3, 6 , Yunzhen Zheng 3 , Yue Rui 6 , Mei Ruan 5 , Shiqian Qi 7 , Seong H Kim 3, 4 , Tuo Wang 2 , Daniel J Cosgrove 3, 6 , Charles T Anderson 6, 8 , Chaowen Xiao 1
Affiliation  

Pectins are abundant in the cell walls of dicotyledonous plants, but how they interact with other wall polymers and influence wall integrity and cell growth has remained mysterious. Here, we verified that QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) is a pectin methyltransferase and determined that QUA2 is required for normal pectin biosynthesis. To gain further insight into how pectin affects wall assembly and integrity maintenance, we investigated cellulose biosynthesis, cellulose organization, cortical microtubules, and wall integrity signaling in two mutant alleles of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) QUA2, qua2 and tsd2. In both mutants, crystalline cellulose content is reduced, cellulose synthase particles move more slowly, and cellulose organization is aberrant. NMR analysis shows higher mobility of cellulose and matrix polysaccharides in the mutants. Microtubules in mutant hypocotyls have aberrant organization and depolymerize more readily upon treatment with oryzalin or external force. The expression of genes related to wall integrity, wall biosynthesis, and microtubule stability is dysregulated in both mutants. These data provide insights into how homogalacturonan is methylesterified upon its synthesis, the mechanisms by which pectin functionally interacts with cellulose, and how these interactions are translated into intracellular regulation to maintain the structural integrity of the cell wall during plant growth and development.



中文翻译:

果胶甲基转移酶 QUASIMODO2 的突变影响拟南芥的纤维素生物合成和细胞壁完整性。

果胶在双子叶植物的细胞壁中含量丰富,但它们如何与其他细胞壁聚合物相互作用并影响细胞壁的完整性和细胞生长仍然是个谜。在这里,我们验证了QUASIMODO2(QUA2)是一种果胶甲基转移酶,并确定QUA2是正常果胶生物合成所必需的。为了进一步了解果胶如何影响细胞壁组装和完整性维持,我们研究了拟南芥 ( Arabidopsis thaliana )两个突变等位基因QUA2qua2tsd2中的纤维素生物合成、纤维素组织、皮质微管和细胞壁完整性信号传导。。在这两种突变体中,结晶纤维素含量减少,纤维素合酶颗粒移动更慢,并且纤维素组织异常。NMR 分析显示突变体中纤维素和基质多糖具有更高的迁移率。突变下胚轴中的微管具有异常组织,并且在用安磺灵或外力处理后更容易解聚。两种突变体中与管壁完整性、管壁生物合成和微管稳定性相关的基因表达失调。这些数据提供了关于高半乳糖醛酸在合成时如何被甲基酯化、果胶与纤维素功能性相互作用的机制,以及这些相互作用如何转化为细胞内调节以在植物生长和发育过程中维持细胞壁结构完整性的见解。

更新日期:2020-11-03
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