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Invasive gall‐forming wasps that threaten non‐native plantation‐grown Eucalyptus : diversity and invasion patterns
Agricultural and Forest Entomology ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-04 , DOI: 10.1111/afe.12402
Gudrun Dittrich‐Schröder 1 , Brett P. Hurley 1 , Michael J. Wingfield 1 , Helen F. Nahrung 2 , Bernard Slippers 1, 3
Affiliation  

Gall‐forming hymenopterans of Eucalyptus species are highly successful invaders causing significant damage in non‐native plantation forests. To date, at least 16 of these species have been recorded as invasive eucalypt gall formers, of which less than half are known from Australia where they are thought to be native. About 80% of the species have become invasive only in the last two decades, <10%, of which were known from Australia beforehand. Two species, Leptocybe invasa and Ophelimus maskelli are global invaders that have become established in 43 and 23 countries, respectively, since 2000. They belong to a large number of wasps that cause similar damage and that could become invasive in the future. The problem of identification is exacerbated by the fact that many species lack taxonomic descriptions; over 80% of the invasive eucalypt gall wasps were first described from their invasive range. The small number of taxonomists able to identify these insects slows accurate diagnoses. Even when initial identifications have been made, these may be confused with morphologically similar but distinct cryptic species, which may differ in their host range and natural enemy interactions. Furthermore, detailed information regarding their biology and native distribution is typically sparse or unknown. This lack of information delays the initiation of management actions because breeding for resistance and biological control requires accurate identification of the target pest. The gall‐forming hymenopterans associated with Eucalyptus represent an important group on which to focus the development of pre‐emptive quarantine, monitoring and potential management options. Given the global nature of invasions by these insects, an international and collaborative research approach is required, where knowledge and tools for study can be shared in a more effective manner.

中文翻译:

威胁非本地种植园生长的桉树的侵入性胆囊黄蜂:多样性和入侵模式

桉树种的成囊膜翅目昆虫是非常成功的入侵者,对非本地人工林造成重大破坏。迄今为止,这些物种中至少有 16 种已被记录为侵入性桉树胆形成者,其中不到一半在澳大利亚已知,在那里它们被认为是本地的。大约 80% 的物种仅在过去 20 年才成为入侵物种,其中 <10% 是事先在澳大利亚已知的。Leptocybe invasa 和 Ophelimus maskelli 两个物种是全球入侵者,自 2000 年以来分别在 43 个和 23 个国家建立。它们属于大量造成类似损害的黄蜂,将来可能会成为入侵者。许多物种缺乏分类学描述,这加剧了识别问题;超过 80% 的侵入性桉树瘿蜂是从它们的侵入范围首次被描述出来的。能够识别这些昆虫的少数分类学家会减慢准确诊断的速度。即使进行了初步鉴定,它们也可能与形态相似但不同的隐匿物种混淆,它们的寄主范围和天敌相互作用可能不同。此外,关于它们的生物学和本地分布的详细信息通常很少或未知。这种信息的缺乏延迟了管理行动的启动,因为抗性和生物控制的育种需要准确识别目标有害生物。与桉树相关的成胆膜翅目动物代表了一个重要的群体,可以重点关注预防性检疫的发展,监控和潜在的管理选项。鉴于这些昆虫入侵的全球性质,需要采取国际合作研究方法,以更有效的方式共享知识和研究工具。
更新日期:2020-09-04
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