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Spatial and stratigraphic variation of near‐surface ground ice in discontinuous permafrost of the taiga shield
Permafrost and Periglacial Processes ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-04 , DOI: 10.1002/ppp.2085
Jason R. Paul 1 , Steven V. Kokelj 2 , Jennifer L. Baltzer 1
Affiliation  

The acceleration of permafrost thaw due to warming, wetting, and disturbance is altering circumpolar landscapes. The effect of thaw is largely determined by ground ice content in near‐surface permafrost, making the characterization and prediction of ground ice content critical. Here we evaluate the spatial and stratigraphic variation of near‐surface ground ice characteristics in the dominant forest types in the North Slave region near Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada. Physical variation in the permafrost was assessed through cryostructure, soil properties, and volumetric ice content, and relationships between these parameters were determined. Near‐surface ground ice characteristics were contrasted between forest types. In black spruce forests the top of the permafrost was ice‐rich and characterized by lenticular and ataxitic cryostructures, indicating the presence of an intermediate layer. Most white spruce/birch forests showed similar patterns; however, an increase in the active layer thickness and permafrost thaw at some sites have eradicated the transition zone, and the large ice lenses encountered at depth reflect segregated ground ice developed during initial downward aggradation of permafrost. Our findings indicate that white spruce/birch terrain will be less sensitive than black spruce forests to near‐surface permafrost thaw. However, if permafrost thaws completely, white spruce/birch terrain will probably be transformed into wetland–thaw lake complexes due to high ground ice content at depth.

中文翻译:

针叶林不连续多年冻土层中近地表冰的空间和地层变化

由于变暖,湿润和干扰,永久冻土的融化加速改变了极地景观。融化的影响在很大程度上取决于近地表多年冻土层中的冰含量,因此表征和预测冰含量至关重要。在这里,我们评估了加拿大西北地区耶洛奈夫附近的北奴隶地区主要森林类型中近地表冰特征的空间和地层变化。通过冻土结构,土壤性质和体积冰含量评估了多年冻土的物理变化,并确定了这些参数之间的关系。不同森林类型之间的近地表冰特征有所不同。在黑云杉林中,多年冻土的顶部富含冰,并具有柱状和共生的冷冻结构,表明存在中间层。大多数的白云杉/桦树森林显示出相似的模式。然而,活动层厚度的增加和某些地点的多年冻土融化已消除了过渡带,并且在深处遇到的大型冰晶反映了在永久冻土最初向下凝结过程中形成的分离的地面冰。我们的发现表明,白云杉/桦树地形对黑云杉林的近地表永久冻土融化敏感性较低。但是,如果永久冻土完全融化,由于深处的地面冰含量高,白云杉/桦树地形可能会转变成湿地-融化的湖泊复合体。大多数的白云杉/桦树森林显示出相似的模式。然而,活动层厚度的增加和某些地点的多年冻土融化已消除了过渡带,并且在深处遇到的大型冰晶反映了在永久冻土最初向下凝结过程中形成的分离的地面冰。我们的发现表明,白云杉/桦树地形对黑云杉林的近地表永久冻土融化敏感性较低。但是,如果永久冻土完全融化,由于深处的地面冰含量高,白云杉/桦树地形可能会转变成湿地-融化的湖泊复合体。大多数的白云杉/桦树森林显示出相似的模式。然而,活动层厚度的增加和某些地点的多年冻土融化已消除了过渡带,并且在深处遇到的大型冰晶反映了在永久冻土最初向下凝结过程中形成的分离的地面冰。我们的发现表明,白云杉/桦树地形对黑云杉林的近地表永久冻土融化敏感性较低。但是,如果永久冻土完全融化,由于深处的地面冰含量高,白云杉/桦树地形可能会转变成湿地-融化的湖泊复合体。深处遇到的大型冰晶反射了多年冻土最初向下凝结过程中形成的分离的地面冰。我们的发现表明,白云杉/桦树地形对黑云杉林的近地表永久冻土融化敏感性较低。但是,如果永久冻土完全融化,由于深处的地面冰含量高,白云杉/桦树地形可能会转变成湿地-融化的湖泊复合体。深处遇到的大型冰晶反射了多年冻土最初向下凝结过程中形成的分离的地面冰。我们的发现表明,白云杉/桦树地形对黑云杉林的近地表永久冻土融化敏感性较低。但是,如果永久冻土完全融化,由于深处的地面冰含量高,白云杉/桦树地形可能会转变成湿地-融化的湖泊复合体。
更新日期:2020-09-04
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