The reclamation and utilization of natural wetlands can affect the community structure of soil microorganisms. However, knowledge regarding succession of microbial communities during long‐term reclamation and the links with related nutrient cycles is still limited. Using Illumina sequencing, we identified the patterns and environmental drivers of soil bacterial and fungal succession along a 150‐year chronosequence of paddy fields. Soil enzyme activities were determined to characterize functions related to C, N, and P cycles. The results showed that reclamation activity and its history have greatly altered the bacterial community structure and the bacterial groups. This change being mainly reflected in the bacterial genera Halomonas, genera Isosphaera, and family Planctomycetaceae. The change of fungal community was mainly apparent between natural wetlands and paddy fields, manifested as an increase in the classes Sordariomycetes and Dothideomycetes and a significant decrease inthe class Agaricomycetes in paddy fields compared with natural wetland. Compared with fungi, bacteria were more strongly affected by soil chemical nutrient properties and physical properties. Furthermore, the structural equation model indicated that both bacterial and fungal community structure and diversity had a great influence on the C, N, and P cycles. In summary, the bacterial community was more sensitive throughout the history of rice cultivation after reclamation than the fungal community, but both bacteria and fungi may play major roles in soil ecological functions. These findings contribute to the understanding of ecosystem functional mechanisms, which provides a new perspective for the management of natural wetlands.

中文翻译：

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天然湿地开垦后土壤细菌和真菌群落及相关养分循环与水稻种植历史的关系

天然湿地的开垦和利用会影响土壤微生物的群落结构。但是，关于长期开垦期间微生物群落演替以及与相关养分循环的联系的知识仍然有限。使用Illumina测序，我们确定了稻田150年时间序列中土壤细菌和真菌演替的模式和环境驱动因素。确定土壤酶活性以表征与C，N和P循环相关的功能。结果表明，开垦活动及其历史已大大改变了细菌群落结构和细菌群体。这种变化主要反映在细菌属Halomonas，Isosphaera属和家族中扁平菌科。真菌群落的变化主要在自然湿地和稻田之间出现，表现为Sordariomycetes和Dothideomycetes类的增加，而Agaricomycetes类的显着减少。与天然湿地相比，在稻田中。与真菌相比，细菌受土壤化学养分特性和物理特性的影响更大。此外，结构方程模型表明细菌和真菌的群落结构和多样性都对C，N和P循环有很大的影响。总之，在垦殖后的整个水稻种植过程中，细菌群落比真菌群落更为敏感，但细菌和真菌在土壤生态功能中均可能起主要作用。这些发现有助于对生态系统功能机制的理解，从而为自然湿地的管理提供了新的视角。