Both groundwater lateral flow (GLF) and human water regulation (HWR) significantly impact hydrological processes, climate, and even socioeconomic sustainable development. Reasonably representing these processes in climate system models is vital for improving hydrological predication and climate modeling. In this study, schemes including GLF and HWR were implemented into the Flexible Global Ocean‐Atmosphere‐Land System model grid‐point version 3 (CAS‐FGOALS‐g3) to investigate the hydroclimatic effects of GLF and HWR. Three groups of simulations using CAS‐FGOALS‐g3 were conducted for the period from 1976 to 2010. Comparisons between the simulations and the observations show their good performance in reproducing the hydrological processes. Results show that soil moisture and latent heat flux increased when GLF was included in the western United States, northern Australia, and northern South America, along with a shallower water table depth. The largest increases in latent flux are located in regions without water and energy limitations. Increased summer precipitation occurred in the western United States due to the wetting and cooling effects of GLF. Latent heat flux significantly increases in three key regions of the world (central United States, north China plain, and northern India), caused by wetting surface soil due to irrigation. The atmosphere also responded to HWR, with cooling at the 850 hPa level over northern India and Pakistan. Decreased precipitation occurred in India because the upward movement was weaker as a result of HWR. GLF can replenish the groundwater depression cone caused by overexploitation, especially in thick aquifers.

中文翻译：

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CAS‐FGOALS‐g3中地下水侧向流动和人类水调节的实施

地下水侧向流量（GLF）和人类水调节（HWR）都对水文过程，气候乃至社会经济可持续发展产生重大影响。在气候系统模型中合理表示这些过程对于改善水文预测和气候模型至关重要。在本研究中，包括GLF和HWR在内的方案已在“灵活全球海洋-大气-陆地系统”模型网格点版本3（CAS-FGOALS-g3）中实施，以研究GLF和HWR的水文气候效应。在1976年至2010年期间使用CAS-FGOALS-g3进行了三组模拟。模拟和观测值之间的比较表明，它们在再现水文过程方面具有良好的性能。结果表明，在美国西部，澳大利亚北部和南美北部加入GLF后，土壤水分和潜热通量增加，并且地下水位较浅。潜在通量的最大增加位于没有水和能量限制的区域。由于GLF的湿润和降温作用，美国西部夏季降水增加。由于灌溉造成的表层土壤润湿，在世界三个主要地区（美国中部，华北平原和印度北部）的潜热通量显着增加。大气对HWR也有反应，在印度北部和巴基斯坦北部的冷却温度为850 hPa。印度的降水减少是因为HWR导致向上运动减弱。