The transgenerational effect of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration (e[CO₂]) on low temperature response in wheat is still little investigated, through the interaction of e[CO₂], and low‐temperature stress has been reported in a single generation. Here, the low temperature‐induced modifications of chloroplast ultrastructure and carbohydrate metabolism in wheat after four generations continuously grown under ambient CO₂ concentration (a[CO₂]) and e[CO₂] (2014–2018) were investigated. The results indicated that the transgenerational exposure to e[CO₂] increased the number of grana lamellae and the amounts of osmiophilic lipid droplets, attenuating the negative effect of low temperature on chloroplast ultrastructure. The transgenerational e[CO₂] enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes (i.e. SOD, POD and CAT) and concentrations of osmotic substances (i.e. proline and soluble sugar), which alleviated the low temperature‐induced oxidative damage to the chloroplast ultrastructure. In addition, transgenerational exposure of wheat to e[CO₂] increased activities of vacInv and cwInv, while decreased fructokinase activity, which affected the sucrose metabolism in wheat leaf. These findings elucidated that transgenerational exposure to e[CO₂] could improve low temperature tolerance of winter wheat, which provide novel insights to the response of wheat to future climate change.

中文翻译：

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世代暴露于高浓度的二氧化碳对冬小麦耐低温性的影响：叶绿体超微结构和碳水化合物代谢

升高的大气CO的跨代效果₂浓度（ë [CO ₂对小麦低温响应]）仍然小的调查，通过相互作用ë [CO ₂ ]，和低温胁迫已在一代的报道。这里，叶绿体超微结构和小麦碳水化合物代谢的四代后的低温诱导的修饰连续环境CO下生长₂浓度（一个[CO ₂ ]）和ë [CO ₂ ]（2014至2018年）进行了调查。结果表明，e [CO_[2 ]增加了薄片的数量和亲脂性脂质滴的数量，减轻了低温对叶绿体超微结构的负面影响。跨代e [CO ₂ ]增强了抗氧化酶的活性（即SOD，POD和CAT）和渗透物质的浓度（即脯氨酸和可溶性糖），减轻了低温诱导的对叶绿体超微结构的氧化损伤。此外，小麦的后代暴露于e [CO ₂]增加vacInv和cwInv的活性，同时降低果糖激酶活性，这影响了小麦叶片中的蔗糖代谢。这些发现说明，跨代暴露于e [CO ₂ ]可以提高冬小麦的低温耐受性，这为小麦对未来气候变化的响应提供了新颖的见解。