Reproductive failures include infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Although the relative importance of immunological factors in human reproduction remains unclear, there may be immune‐mediated reproductive failures in a portion of unexplained infertility and RPL. As a cause of immunological factor, anti‐sperm antibodies (ASA) are produced both in men and women. There have been reported several antigens in the surface of sperm that are especially foreign to women. The presence of ASA, especially sperm‐immobilizing antibodies, in the sera of infertile women has been shown to inhibit sperm migration in the female genital tract. Therefore, the effectiveness of the treatments for infertile women with sperm‐immobilizing antibodies by timed intercourse or intra‐uterine insemination is limited. Such antibodies can also exert inhibitory effects on various stages of sperm‐egg interaction and subsequent embryo development in vitro. It is suggested that ASA testing for infertile women should be performed before proceeding IVF. The manipulation of gametes and embryos from patients having sperm‐immobilizing antibodies should be carefully carried out especially to avoid contaminating patient's serum and follicular fluid in the culture medium in order to overcome the immunological causes of female infertility by ASA, and satisfactory results under suitable conditions for gametes and embryos have been obtained. The relationship between ASA and RPL was controversially reported. Increased miscarriage rates in women with ASA were demonstrated by some authors. In contrast, lack of association between ASA and RPL was reported. In this manuscript, we are focusing the roles of ASA in women with reproductive failures.

中文翻译：

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抗精子抗体和生殖失败。

生殖失败包括不孕和复发性流产 (RPL)。尽管免疫因素在人类生殖中的相对重要性尚不清楚，但部分原因不明的不孕症和 RPL 可能存在免疫介导的生殖失败。作为免疫因素的一个原因，男性和女性都会产生抗精子抗体（ASA）。据报道，精子表面有几种对女性来说特别陌生的抗原。已证明不孕女性血清中存在的 ASA，尤其是精子固定抗体，可抑制精子在女性生殖道中的迁移。因此，通过定时性交或宫腔内人工授精治疗具有固定精子抗体的不孕妇女的有效性是有限的。这些抗体还可以对体外精卵相互作用和随后的胚胎发育的各个阶段发挥抑制作用。建议在进行 IVF 之前对不孕女性进行 ASA 检测。对具有固定精子抗体的患者的配子和胚胎的操作应谨慎进行，特别是避免污染患者的血清和培养基中的卵泡液，以克服ASA导致女性不育的免疫原因，并在合适的条件下获得满意的结果已获得配子和胚胎。ASA 和 RPL 之间的关系存在争议。一些作者证明患有 ASA 的女性流产率增加。相比之下，据报道 ASA 和 RPL 之间缺乏关联。在这份手稿中，