Researchers, engineers, and medical doctors are made aware of the severity of the COVID‐19 infection and act quickly against the coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 using a large variety of tools. In this review, a panoply of nanoscience and nanotechnology approaches show how these disciplines can help the medical, technical, and scientific communities to fight the pandemic, highlighting the development of nanomaterials for detection, sanitation, therapies, and vaccines. SARS‐CoV‐2, which can be regarded as a functional core–shell nanoparticle (NP), can interact with diverse materials in its vicinity and remains attached for variable times while preserving its bioactivity. These studies are critical for the appropriate use of controlled disinfection systems. Other nanotechnological approaches are also decisive for the development of improved novel testing and diagnosis kits of coronavirus that are urgently required. Therapeutics are based on nanotechnology strategies as well and focus on antiviral drug design and on new nanoarchitectured vaccines. A brief overview on patented work is presented that emphasizes nanotechnology applied to coronaviruses. Finally, some comments are made on patents of the initial technological responses to COVID‐19 that have already been put in practice.

中文翻译：

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纳米技术对COVID-19的反应。

研究人员，工程师和医生已经意识到COVID-19感染的严重性，并使用多种工具快速应对冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2。在这篇综述中，纳米科学和纳米技术的方法展示了这些学科如何帮助医学，技术和科学界抗击流行病，并着重介绍了用于检测，卫生，疗法和疫苗的纳米材料的发展。SARS-CoV-2被认为是功能性的核壳纳米粒子（NP），可以与附近的多种物质相互作用，并在保持其生物活性的同时保持可变的附着时间。这些研究对于适当使用受控消毒系统至关重要。其他纳米技术方法对于开发迫切需要的改进的冠状病毒新型检测和诊断试剂盒也具有决定性作用。治疗学也基于纳米技术策略，并专注于抗病毒药物设计和新型纳米结构疫苗。本文简要介绍了专利工作，重点介绍了应用于冠状病毒的纳米技术。最后，对已经付诸实践的对COVID-19的初始技术响应的专利发表一些评论。