The cells of the immune and neuronal systems share different receptors for cytokines or neurotransmitters, producing feedback responses between both systems. Cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α can induce inflammation; however, the secretion of these molecules can be modulated by anti-inflammatory cytokines, as is the case for TGF-β, as well as by different hormones or neurotransmitters such as the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In this study, we evaluated the secretion of IL-1β, TNF-α, and TGF-β under basal conditions, in the head of the kidney, spleen, thymus, and serum of the Nile tilapia, as well as their release induced by different sub-basal increases of GABA. We found that at the higher dose of GABA these cytokines were synthesised at a higher concentration compared to the control group. These results may suggest that there is feedback between both systems and that GABA plays a role in the modulation of the immune response.

中文翻译：

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GABA 的亚基础增加增强了尼罗罗非鱼免疫系统器官中 TNF-α、TGF-β 和 IL-1β 的合成

免疫系统和神经元系统的细胞共享不同的细胞因子或神经递质受体，从而在两个系统之间产生反馈反应。IL-1β、TNF-α等细胞因子可诱发炎症；然而，这些分子的分泌可以通过抗炎细胞因子（如 TGF-β）以及不同的激素或神经递质（如 γ-氨基丁酸 (GABA)）来调节。在本研究中，我们评估了尼罗罗非鱼肾脏头部、脾脏、胸腺和血清中 IL-1β、TNF-α 和 TGF-β 在基础条件下的分泌，以及GABA 的不同亚基础增加。我们发现，与对照组相比，在较高剂量的 GABA 下，这些细胞因子的合成浓度较高。