Hard and brittle materials (HBMs) are promising materials for aerospace and astronomy applications, due to their excellent mechanical, optical, and chemical properties. However, they are difficult and costly to machine using conventional machining methods such as single point diamond turning. Laser assisted machining uses a focused laser beam to heat local areas of the workpiece and remove softened material from the ductile region, leaving high quality and crack-free surfaces. Over the past decades, the study of laser assisted machining of HBMs has been attracting progressively more interest from researchers in academia and industry. This paper serves as a state-of-the-art review with a particular focus on typical HBMs and their machining challenges; the mechanism of laser heating and thermal analysis; pre-heat and in-process-heat laser assisted machining methods; and optimizing the machining quality of laser assisted machining. The review also presents a perspective on future development trends for laser assisted machining technology.

硬质和脆性材料（HBM）具有出色的机械，光学和化学性能，是用于航空航天和天文学应用的有前途的材料。但是，使用传统的加工方法（例如单点金刚石车削）进行加工很难而且成本很高。激光辅助加工使用聚焦的激光束加热工件的局部区域，并从延性区域中去除软化的材料，从而留下高质量且无裂纹的表面。在过去的几十年中，HBMs的激光辅助加工研究已经引起了学术界和工业界研究人员的越来越多的兴趣。本文是最新的综述，重点关注典型的HBM及其加工挑战。激光加热和热分析的机理；预热和过程中激光辅助加工方法；并优化了激光辅助加工的加工质量。审查还提出了激光辅助加工技术未来发展趋势的观点。