Background/Aim: We aimed to analyze the diagnostic value of total tau (T-tau), S-100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) as blood-based biomarkers in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA), and their correlation with symptom severity, infarct size, etiology and outcome. Patients and Methods: A total of 102 patients with stroke and 35 with TIA were analyzed. Subacute (63.8±50.1 h) plasma T-tau was measured with the single-molecule array (Simoa) method and NSE and S100B were evaluated for comparison. We evaluated biomarkers associations with: (i) diagnosis of AIS or TIA, (ii) cerebral infarction volume in the brain computed tomography, (iii) stroke etiology, (iv) clinical stroke severity and (iv) functional outcome after three months. Results: T-tau was higher in patients with stroke [1.0 pg/ml (IQR=0.3-2.2)] than with TIA [0.5 pg/ml (IQR=0.2-1.0), p=0.02]. The levels of S100B were also increased in stroke [0.082 μg/l (IQR=0.049-0.157)] patients compared to TIA patients [0.045 μg/l (IQR=0.03-0.073), p<0.001]. However, when the results were adjusted for confounders, significance was lost. Serum levels of NSE among patients with AIS [11.85 μg/l (IQR=9.30-16.14)] compared to those with TIA [10.96 μg/l (IQR=7.98-15.33), p=0.30] were equal. T-tau and S100B concentrations significantly correlated with cerebral infarction volume (r=0.412, p<0.001) and (r=0.597, p<0.001), also after corrections (p<0.001). mRS scores at three-month follow-up correlated with T-tau (r=0.248, p=0.016) and S100B concentrations (r=0.205, p=0.045). Conclusion: For the diagnosis of TIA vs. AIS, blood T-tau and S100B concentrations discriminated only modestly. Additionally, groups were not separable after measuring of T-tau and S100B levels in the blood. T-tau and S100B concentrations correlated with the infarct size, but were not alone predictive for functional outcome at 3 months.

中文翻译：

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Tau、S100B 和 NSE 作为急性脑血管事件中的血液生物标志物

背景/目的：我们旨在分析总 tau (T-tau)、S-100 钙结合蛋白 B (S100B) 和神经元特异性烯醇化酶 (NSE) 作为急性缺血性卒中 (AIS) 血液生物标志物的诊断价值。 ) 或短暂性脑缺血发作 (TIA)，以及它们与症状严重程度、梗死面积、病因和结果的相关性。患者和方法：共分析了 102 名中风患者和 35 名 TIA 患者。使用单分子阵列 (Simoa) 方法测量亚急性 (63.8±50.1 h) 血浆 T-tau，并评估 NSE 和 S100B 以进行比较。我们评估了生物标志物与以下各项的关联：(i) AIS 或 TIA 的诊断，(ii) 脑计算机断层扫描中的脑梗死体积，(iii) 中风病因，(iv) 临床中风严重程度和 (iv) 三个月后的功能结果。结果：中风患者的 T-tau 蛋白较高 [1. 0 pg/ml (IQR=0.3-2.2)] 比 TIA [0.5 pg/ml (IQR=0.2-1.0), p=0.02]。与 TIA 患者 [0.045 μg/l (IQR=0.03-0.073), p<0.001] 相比，中风 [0.082 μg/l (IQR=0.049-0.157)] 患者的 S100B 水平也有所增加。然而，当对混杂因素调整结果时，意义就消失了。AIS 患者的血清 NSE 水平 [11.85 μg/l (IQR=9.30-16.14)] 与 TIA 患者 [10.96 μg/l (IQR=7.98-15.33)，p=0.30] 相同。T-tau 和 S100B 浓度与脑梗塞体积显着相关 (r=0.412, p<0.001) 和 (r=0.597, p<0.001)，校正后也是如此 (p<0.001)。三个月随访时的 mRS 评分与 T-tau（r=0.248，p=0.016）和 S100B 浓度（r=0.205，p=0.045）相关。结论：对于 TIA 与 AIS 的诊断，血液 T-tau 和 S100B 浓度的差别不大。此外，在测量血液中的 T-tau 和 S100B 水平后，组不可分离。T-tau 和 S100B 浓度与梗死面积相关，但不能单独预测 3 个月时的功能结果。