Due to its clear inherited backgrounds as well as simple and diverse genetic manipulation systems, Bacillus subtilis is the key Gram-positive model bacterium for studies on physiology and metabolism. Furthermore, due to its highly efficient protein secretion system and adaptable metabolism, it has been widely used as a cell factory for microbial production of chemicals, enzymes, and antimicrobial materials for industry, agriculture, and medicine. In this mini-review, we first summarize the basic genetic manipulation tools and expression systems for this bacterium, including traditional methods and novel engineering systems. Secondly, we briefly introduce its applications in the production of chemicals and enzymes, and summarize its advantages, mainly focusing on some noteworthy products and recent progress in the engineering of B. subtilis. Finally, this review also covers applications such as microbial additives and antimicrobials, as well as biofilm systems and spore formation. We hope to provide an overview for novice researchers in this area, offering them a better understanding of B. subtilis and its applications.

中文翻译：

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枯草芽孢杆菌：工业，农业，生物材料和医学的通用细胞工厂。

由于其清晰的遗传背景以及简单多样的遗传操作系统，枯草芽孢杆菌是用于生理学和代谢研究的关键革兰氏阳性模型细菌。此外，由于其高效的蛋白质分泌系统和适应性强的新陈代谢，它已被广泛用作细胞工厂，用于微生物生产用于工业，农业和医药的化学药品，酶和抗菌材料。在此迷你审查中，我们首先总结该细菌的基本基因操作工具和表达系统，包括传统方法和新颖的工程系统。其次，我们简要介绍了其在化学和酶生产中的应用，并总结了其优势，主要集中在一些值得注意的产品和枯草芽孢杆菌工程学方面的最新进展。最后，本综述还涵盖了微生物添加剂和抗菌剂以及生物膜系统和孢子形成等应用。我们希望为该领域的新手研究人员提供一个概述，使他们更好地了解枯草芽孢杆菌及其应用。