Zingerone loaded chitosan nanoparticles (Z-NPs) were developed to deliver the Zingerone across cell membrane and to further enhance its anti-virulence property. The Z-NPs were characterized with respect to size, percentage entrapment efficiency (% EE), zeta potential and percentage drug release. Further the Z-NPs were evaluated for antioxidant DPPH assay, antibiofilm, anti-virulence activities, and gene expression profiles. The developed Z-NPs showed an average size of 390 nm, zeta potential of +56.6 mV, 67% drug entrapment efficiency, and exhibited pH dependent controlled release of Zingerone over a period of 5 days (up to 80%). The Z-NPs retained the antioxidant effect of Zingerone as assessed by DPPH scavenging assay. Evaluation of nanoformulation for anti-virulence potential against Pseudomonas aeruginosa depicted significant reduction in swimming, swarming, and twitching motilities along with quorum sensing inhibition and eradication of biofilms. Decrease in expression of quorum sensing (QS) genes was also observed in the presence of Z-NPs. The results of the present study revealed that Z-NPs could be exploited as a promising anti-virulence candidate against P. aeruginosa infections.

中文翻译：

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聚合物纳米颗粒中姜酮的持续释放：一种针对铜绿假单胞菌的抗毒力策略

开发了装载姜酮的壳聚糖纳米颗粒 (Z-NPs) 以将姜酮传递到细胞膜上并进一步增强其抗毒力。Z-NPs 在大小、截留效率百分比 (% EE)、zeta 电位和药物释放百分比方面进行了表征。此外，还评估了 Z-NPs 的抗氧化 DPPH 测定、抗生物膜、抗毒力活性和基因表达谱。开发的 Z-NPs 显示平均大小为 390 nm，zeta 电位为 +56.6 mV，药物包封率 67%，并在 5 天（高达 80%）的时间内表现出姜酮的 pH 依赖性控释。通过 DPPH 清除试验评估，Z-NPs 保留了姜酮的抗氧化作用。纳米制剂对铜绿假单胞菌的抗毒力潜力的评估表明，游泳、蜂群和抽搐的运动能力显着降低，同时群体感应抑制和生物膜的根除。在 Z-NP 存在的情况下，也观察到群体感应 (QS) 基因表达的减少。本研究的结果表明，Z-NPs 可以作为一种有前途的抗铜绿假单胞菌感染的抗毒候选药物。