An emerging theoretical framework suggests that neural functions associated with stereotyping and prejudice are associated with frontal lobe networks. Using a novel neuroimaging technique, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), during a face-to-face live communication paradigm, we explore an extension of this model to include live dynamic interactions. Neural activations were compared for dyads of similar and dissimilar socioeconomic backgrounds. The socioeconomic status of each participant was based on education and income levels. Both groups of dyads engaged in pro-social dialectic discourse during acquisition of hemodynamic signals. Post-scan questionnaires confirmed increased anxiety and effort for high-disparity dyads. Consistent with the frontal lobe hypothesis, left dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex (DLPFC), frontopolar area and pars triangularis were more active during speech dialogue in high than in low-disparity groups. Further, frontal lobe signals were more synchronous across brains for high- than low-disparity dyads. Convergence of these behavioral, neuroimaging and neural coupling findings associate left frontal lobe processes with natural pro-social dialogue under ‘out-group’ conditions and advance both theoretical and technical approaches for further investigation.

中文翻译：

---

具有社会经济差异的对子之间进行现场亲社会对话的神经过程。

一个新兴的理论框架表明，与刻板印象和偏见相关的神经功能与额叶网络有关。在面对面的实时通信范例中，我们使用一种新颖的神经成像技术，功能性近红外光谱 (fNIRS)，探索了该模型的扩展，以包括实时动态交互。比较了具有相似和不同社会经济背景的对的神经激活。每个参与者的社会经济地位基于教育和收入水平。两组在获取血流动力学信号期间都参与了亲社会的辩证法话语。扫描后调查问卷证实了高差异二元组的焦虑和努力增加。与额叶假说一致，左背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC），与低差异组相比，高差异组的前极区和三角肌在语音对话中更活跃。此外，对于高差异比低差异二元组，额叶信号在大脑中更加同步。这些行为、神经影像学和神经耦合发现的融合将左额叶过程与“外群体”条件下的自然亲社会对话联系起来，并推进了进一步研究的理论和技术方法。