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Nutrient Pollution and Predation Differentially Affect Innate Immune Pathways in the Coral Porites porites
Frontiers in Marine Science ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-03 , DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.563865
Katherine E. Dougan , Mark C. Ladd , Corinne Fuchs , Rebecca Vega Thurber , Deron E. Burkepile , Mauricio Rodriguez-Lanetty

Reef-building corals face a multitude of threats not only from global climate change but also local stressors such as nutrient pollution. Nutrient enrichment can amplify the negative effects of predation on corals by facilitating dysbiosis in the coral microbiome that leads to coral mortality. These patterns suggest that nutrient pollution might suppress the capacity of the coral immune system to respond to microbial infections that follow mechanical injury from predation. Here, we measured the impact of nutrient enrichment and predation on tyrosinase-type and laccase-type phenoloxidase (PO) activities, which are key components of immune defense pathway involved in melanin synthesis and wound healing in corals. Corals were exposed in situ to either ambient or enriched nutrient levels in combination with either no damage, mechanical damage, or predation damage from parrotfishes. The activity of PO enzymes in response to both tyrosinase-type substrates significantly decreased under nutrient enrichment, suggesting that corals became immune-compromised. Predation damage also increased laccase activity, implicating it in tissue repair and potentially defense from pathogens. Our findings highlight the need to mitigate nutrient pollution on coral reefs, as higher nutrient levels suppress important coral immune pathways and likely contribute to patterns of increased coral disease and subsequent mortality on reefs plagued by nutrient enrichment.

中文翻译:

养分污染和捕食对珊瑚孔孔的先天免疫通路的影响不同

造礁珊瑚不仅面临全球气候变化的威胁,还面临营养污染等当地压力因素。营养丰富可以通过促进导致珊瑚死亡的珊瑚微生物群的生态失调来放大捕食对珊瑚的负面影响。这些模式表明,养分污染可能会抑制珊瑚免疫系统对捕食机械损伤后微生物感染的反应能力。在这里,我们测量了营养丰富和捕食对酪氨酸酶型和漆酶型酚氧化酶 (PO) 活性的影响,它们是参与珊瑚黑色素合成和伤口愈合的免疫防御途径的关键组成部分。珊瑚原位暴露于环境或富含营养水平的环境中,同时没有损坏、机械损坏、或鹦鹉鱼的捕食伤害。在营养丰富的情况下,PO 酶对两种酪氨酸酶型底物的反应显着降低,这表明珊瑚变得免疫受损。捕食性损伤还增加了漆酶活性,将其与组织修复和潜在的病原体防御有关。我们的研究结果强调了减轻珊瑚礁养分污染的必要性,因为较高的养分水平会抑制重要的珊瑚免疫通路,并可能导致珊瑚疾病增加的模式和随后因养分富集困扰的珊瑚礁死亡。捕食性损伤还增加了漆酶活性,将其与组织修复和潜在的病原体防御有关。我们的研究结果强调了减轻珊瑚礁养分污染的必要性,因为较高的养分水平会抑制重要的珊瑚免疫途径,并可能导致珊瑚疾病增加的模式和随后受到养分富集困扰的珊瑚礁死亡。捕食性损伤还增加了漆酶活性,将其与组织修复和潜在的病原体防御有关。我们的研究结果强调了减轻珊瑚礁养分污染的必要性,因为较高的养分水平会抑制重要的珊瑚免疫途径,并可能导致珊瑚疾病增加的模式和随后受到养分富集困扰的珊瑚礁死亡。
更新日期:2020-09-03
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