Abstract

Nano-structured Bi_1.5(Lu, Er)_0.5O₃ was synthesized efficiently and utilized as a novel environmentally benign and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives in water under ultrasonic irradiation. This synthesis method offers the several advantages such as green and eco-friendly protocol, operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, higher yields, and easy work-up procedures. For this purpose, nano-structured bismuth oxide and Lu³⁺, Er³⁺ co-doped Bi₂O₃ with different Lu³⁺, Er³⁺ loadings (0.1, 0.5%mol) were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. The obtained catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy. X-ray analyses of obtained bismuth oxide were indexed as monoclinic phase and nano co-doped bismuth oxides (Bi_{2 – x} (Lu, Er)_xO₃, x = 0.1, 0.5%mol) have tetragonal phase.

摘要

纳米结构的Bi _1.5 (Lu, Er) _0.5 O ₃被有效地合成并用作一种新型的环境友好且可回收的多相催化剂，用于在超声波辐照下在水中合成四取代咪唑衍生物。该合成方法具有绿色环保、操作简单、反应条件温和、反应时间短、收率高、操作简单等优点。为此，纳米结构的氧化铋与 Lu ³⁺、Er ³⁺共掺杂具有不同 Lu ³⁺、Er ^{3+ 的}Bi ₂ O ₃通过简单的水热法合成了负载量 (0.1, 0.5% mol)。通过X射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱对所得催化剂进行表征。所得氧化铋的 X 射线分析被标记为单斜晶相，纳米共掺杂氧化铋 (Bi _{2 – x} (Lu, Er) _x O ₃ , x  = 0.1, 0.5% mol) 具有四方相。